Battle of Monte de las Cruces

Battle of Monte de las Cruces
	Part of the Mexican War of Independence
Date	30 October 1810
Location	Ocoyoacac, New Spain
Result	Tactical insurgent victory Hidalgo renounces to continue towards Mexico City;
Belligerents
Mexican Insurgents	Royalist
Commanders and leaders
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla; Ignacio Allende; Juan Aldama; Mariano Abasolo	Torcuato Trujillo; Agustin Iturbide
Strength
60,000 – 80,000 irregulars and militias	1,400 – 7,000 militias
Casualties and losses
3,000 – 5,000	1,000 – 2,500

The Battle of Monte de las Cruces was one of the pivotal battles of the early Mexican War of Independence, in October 1810.

It was fought between the insurgent troops of Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla and Ignacio Allende against the New Spain royalist troops of Lt Colonel Torcuato Trujillo, in the Sierra de las Cruces mountains between Toluca and Mexico City. The battle marks the furthest advance of the first rebel campaign, before Hidalgo decided to retreat towards Guadalajara, and not attack Mexico City, despite the fact that he won the battle, but at high cost. The battlefield is now located in the La Marquesa National Park, which is officially called the Miguel Hidalgo National Park in honor of the event.^[4]^[5]

^ ^a ^b ^c (in Spanish)Instituto Internacional de Historia Militar A. C. (1964). Los insurgentes de 1810: estudio crítico-analítico de las operaciones militares de la primera etapa de la Guerra de Independencia Mexicana. Ciudad de México: Editorial Militar Mexicana, pp. 46.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d David Marley (2009). Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the Western Hemisphere, 1492 to the Present. Tomo I. Santa Bárbara: ABC CLIO, pp. 584. ISBN 978-1-59884-100-8.
^ (in Spanish)Luciano Alexanderson Joublanc (1963). Ignacio López Rayón: libertador, unificador y primer legislador de México. México: Donis, pp. 43
^ Romero, Oscar (2010-02-19). "Un pedazo de historia en el olvido" [A piece of forgotten history]. Milenio (in Spanish). Mexico City. Retrieved 2010-03-09. ^{[dead link]}
^ Kirkwood, Burton (2000). History of Mexico. Westport, CT, USA: Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated. pp. 81–82. ISBN 978-0-313-36602-4.

[Historia_Militar_A._C._1964_pp._46-1] (in Spanish)Instituto Internacional de Historia Militar A. C. (1964). Los insurgentes de 1810: estudio crítico-analítico de las operaciones militares de la primera etapa de la Guerra de Independencia Mexicana. Ciudad de México: Editorial Militar Mexicana, pp. 46.

[David_Marley_2009_pp._584-2] David Marley (2009). Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the Western Hemisphere, 1492 to the Present. Tomo I. Santa Bárbara: ABC CLIO, pp. 584. ISBN 978-1-59884-100-8.

[3] (in Spanish)Luciano Alexanderson Joublanc (1963). Ignacio López Rayón: libertador, unificador y primer legislador de México. México: Donis, pp. 43

[oromero-4] Romero, Oscar (2010-02-19). "Un pedazo de historia en el olvido" [A piece of forgotten history]. Milenio (in Spanish). Mexico City. Retrieved 2010-03-09. ^{[dead link]}

[kirkwood-5] Kirkwood, Burton (2000). History of Mexico. Westport, CT, USA: Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated. pp. 81–82. ISBN 978-0-313-36602-4.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]