Battle of Saint Gotthard (1664)

Battle of Saint Gotthard
Part of the Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664)

Battle of Saint Gotthard
Date1 August 1664
Location
Szentgotthárd, Vas County, along the present-day Austro-Hungarian border
Result Imperial–French victory
Belligerents

Holy Roman Empire

Kingdom of France

Ottoman Empire

Commanders and leaders
Raimondo Montecuccoli
Johann von Sporck[1]
Margrave von Baden
Comte de Coligny
Prince Waldeck
Köprülüzade Fazıl Ahmed Pasha
Strength
~26,000–28,000,[2] 30,000[3] or 40,000[4] ~50,000–60,000[3] (30,000 remained unengaged[5])
Total: 150,000
~60,000 janissaries, and sipahi
60,000–90,000 irregular[2]
Casualties and losses
2,000[3] 8,000[3]–10,000[6][7]
14,000[8]–22,000[9]

The Battle of Saint Gotthard (Turkish: Saint Gotthard Muharebesi; German: Schlacht bei St. Gotthard; Hungarian: Szentgotthárdi csata), of the Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664), took place on 1 August 1664 on the Raab between Mogersdorf and the Cistercian monastery St. Gotthard in West Hungary (today Hungary). It was fought between Imperial Army forces, including German, Swedish and French contingents, led by Imperial commander-in-chief Count Raimondo Montecuccoli and the army of the Ottoman Empire under the command of Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Paşa.

As the Ottoman army tried to advance through Hungary towards Vienna, they were stopped on the side of the river Raab where they were charged and defeated by the Imperial forces. As a consequence, the Ottomans signed the Peace treaty of Vasvár a week later, on 10 August. Even though the Turks were militarily defeated, Emperor Leopold signed a disadvantageous treaty which shocked Europe as well as the Hungarian magnates, leading to the later Magnate conspiracy.[10][11]

  1. ^ Stieve 1893, pp. 266–267.
  2. ^ a b Géza Perjés: The Battle of Szentgotthárd (1664), Vasi Szemle (Vas Review), 1964.
  3. ^ a b c d Bodart 1908, p. 88.
  4. ^ Black & Murphey, Ottoman Warfare, 1500–1700, pp. 48–49 "At the battle of Saint Gotthard in August 1664 Raimondo Montecuccolli, supreme commander of a Habsburg force significantly strengthened by units both from France and the Rhine confederates, still only managed to field an army of some 40,000 men."
  5. ^ Wilson, German Armies: War and German Politics, 1648–1806, p. 43 "Energetic recruiting had increased Habsburg forces to 51,000 by February 1664, supported by 9,000 Hungarians, but disease and the need to garrison border fortresses reduced the combined force to 24,450 by the time Montecucolli engaged the 50,000–60,000 strong Ottoman army at the Monastery of St Gotthard on the river Raab on 1 August 1664. [...] Though 30,000 of his troops remained unengaged, the grand visier sensed the battle going against him and decided to retreat, leaving the Christians in possession of the field. Two thousand, mainly Germans, had been lost, along with similar number of fugitives. Turkish losses are not known, but were probably less."
  6. ^ Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, Geschichte des osmanischen Reiches volume: 11, p. 135.
  7. ^ Mehmed Raşid, İsmail Asım Küçükçelebizade, "Tarih-i Raşid" (History of Raşid), Istanbul, 1865.
  8. ^ Гажевић, Никола (1974). Војна енциклопедија (књига 8). Београд: Војноиздавачки завод. стр. 514
  9. ^ Géza Perjés: The Battle of Szentgotthárd (1664), Vasi Szemle (Vas Review), 1964
  10. ^ Cross and Crescent
  11. ^ Stavrianos, L.S.; Stoianovich, T. (2000). The Balkans Since 1453. Hurst. p. 168. ISBN 978-1-85065-551-0.