 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (June 2023) |
| Battle on the Ice Battle of Lake Peipus/Chud | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Northern Crusades and the Livonian campaign to Novgorod | |||||||||
 Depiction of the battle in the late 16th century illuminated manuscript Life of Alexander Nevsky | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Hermann of Dorpat Andreas von Velven |
Alexander Nevsky Andrey Yaroslavich | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
|
from 200–400[a] to as much as 1,800:
|
from 400–800[a] to as many as 6,000–7,000: | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
|
Livonian Rhymed Chronicle: 20 knights killed 6 knights captured Novgorod First Chronicle: 400 Germans killed 50 Germans imprisoned "Countless" Estonians killed[4] | No exact figures | ||||||||
The Battle on the Ice,[b] also known as the Battle of Lake Peipus (German: Schlacht auf dem Peipussee or am Peipussee) or Battle of Lake Chud (Russian: битва на Чудском озере, romanized: bitva na Chudskom ozere), took place on 5 April 1242. It was fought on or near the frozen Lake Peipus when the united forces of the Republic of Novgorod and Vladimir-Suzdal, led by Prince Alexander Nevsky, emerged victorious against the forces of the Livonian Order and Bishopric of Dorpat, led by Bishop Hermann of Dorpat.[a]
The outcome of the battle has been traditionally interpreted by Russian historiography as significant for the balance of power between Western Catholicism and Eastern Orthodox Christianity. Whether the battle represented a significant defeat for the Catholic forces during the Northern Crusades, bringing an end to their campaigns against the Orthodox Novgorod Republic and other Rus' territories is disputed.[a][5] Estonian historian Anti Selart asserts that the crusades were not an attempt to conquer Rus', but still constituted an attack on the territory of Novgorod and its interests.[6]
- ^ Riley-Smith Jonathan Simon Christopher. The Crusades: a History, US, 1987, ISBN 0300101287, p. 198.
- ^ Dahlmann 2003, p. 63.
- ^ a b Nicolle 1996, p. 41.
- ^ Michell & Forbes 1914, p. 87.
- ^ The New Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2003. p. 241. ISBN 978-0-85229-961-6.
- ^ Selart, Anti (2001). "Confessional Conflict and Political Co-operation: Livonia and Russia in the Thirteenth Century". Crusade and Conversion on the Baltic Frontier 1150–1500. Routledge. pp. 151–176. doi:10.4324/9781315258805-8. ISBN 978-1-315-25880-5.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).