Benthozoa

Benthozoa
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Clade: Benthozoa
A. Erives and B. Fritzsch, 2019
Clades

Porifera
Eumetazoa (sans Ctenophora)

Synonyms

Myriazoa

The Benthozoa or Myriazoa[1] are a proposed basal animal clade consisting of the Porifera and ParaHoxozoa as a sister group of Ctenophora.[2]

An alternative phylogeny is given by the Porifera-sister hypothesis in which Porifera are the first diverging animal group.

 Choanozoa 

 Choanoflagellata

 Animalia 
  

 Ctenophora

 Benthozoa 

 Porifera

 Eumetazoa / 
  

 Placozoa

 Cnidaria

 Bilateria / 

 Xenacoelomorpha

 Nephrozoa 
  
 Protostomia 
  
 Ecdysozoa 
  
 Scalidophora 

 

(Priapulids and allies)
 Arthropoda 

 

and allies
 Nematoda 

 

and allies
  > 529 mya  
 Spiralia 
 Gnathifera 
 Rotifera 

 

and allies
 Chaetognatha 

 

 Platytrochozoa 
 Platyhelminthes 

 

and allies
 Lophotrochozoa 
 Mollusca 

 

and allies
 Annelida 

 

and allies
550 mya
580 mya
610 mya
650 mya
 Triploblasts 
 ParaHoxozoa 
760 mya
950 mya
  1. ^ Schultz, Darrin T.; Haddock, Steven H.D.; Bredeson, Jessen V.; Green, Richard E.; Simakov, Oleg; Rokhsar, Daniel S. (17 May 2023). "Ancient gene linkages support ctenophores as sister to other animals". Nature. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-05936-6. ISSN 0028-0836. PMC 10232365.
  2. ^ Erives, Albert; Fritzsch, Bernd (17 July 2019). "A screen for gene paralogies delineating evolutionary branching order of early Metazoa". bioRxiv 10.1101/704551.