Bio-FET

A field-effect transistor-based biosensor, also known as a biosensor field-effect transistor (Bio-FET[1] or BioFET), field-effect biosensor (FEB),[2] or biosensor MOSFET,[3] is a field-effect transistor (based on the MOSFET structure)[3] that is gated by changes in the surface potential induced by the binding of molecules. When charged molecules, such as biomolecules, bind to the FET gate, which is usually a dielectric material, they can change the charge distribution of the underlying semiconductor material resulting in a change in conductance of the FET channel.[4][5] A Bio-FET consists of two main compartments: one is the biological recognition element and the other is the field-effect transistor.[1][6] The BioFET structure is largely based on the ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET), a type of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) where the metal gate is replaced by an ion-sensitive membrane, electrolyte solution, and reference electrode.[7]

In a typical BioFET, an electrically and chemically insulating layer (e.g. Silica) separates the analyte solution from the semiconducting device. A polymer layer, most commonly APTES, is used to chemically link the surface to a receptor which is specific to the analyte (e.g. biotin or an antibody). Upon binding of the analyte, changes in the electrostatic potential at the surface of the electrolyte-insulator layer occur, which in turn results in an electrostatic gating effect of the semiconductor device, and a measurable change in current between the source and drain electrodes.[7]
  1. ^ a b Maddalena, Francesco; Kuiper, Marjon J.; Poolman, Bert; Brouwer, Frank; Hummelen, Jan C.; de Leeuw, Dago M.; De Boer, Bert; Blom, Paul W. M. (2010). "Organic field-effect transistor-based biosensors functionalized with protein receptors" (PDF). Journal of Applied Physics. 108 (12): 124501–124501–4. Bibcode:2010JAP...108l4501M. doi:10.1063/1.3518681. ISSN 0021-8979.
  2. ^ Goldsmith, Brett R.; Locascio, Lauren; Gao, Yingning; Lerner, Mitchell; Walker, Amy; Lerner, Jeremy; Kyaw, Jayla; Shue, Angela; Afsahi, Savannah; Pan, Deng; Nokes, Jolie; Barron, Francie (2019). "Digital Biosensing by Foundry-Fabricated Graphene Sensors". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 434. arXiv:1808.05557. Bibcode:2019NatSR...9..434G. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-38700-w. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6342992. PMID 30670783.
  3. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Bergveld was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Brand, U.; Brandes, L.; Koch, V.; Kullik, T.; Reinhardt, B.; Rüther, F.; Scheper, T.; Schügerl, K.; Wang, S.; Wu, X.; Ferretti, R.; Prasad, S.; Wilhelm, D. (1991). "Monitoring and control of biotechnological production processes by Bio-FET-FIA-sensors". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 36 (2): 167–172. doi:10.1007/BF00164414. hdl:10033/623808. ISSN 0175-7598. PMID 1368106. S2CID 3122101.
  5. ^ Lin, M. C.; Chu, C. J.; Tsai, L. C.; Lin, H. Y.; Wu, C. S.; Wu, Y. P.; Wu, Y. N.; Shieh, D. B.; Su, Y. W. (2007). "Control and Detection of Organosilane Polarization on Nanowire Field-Effect Transistors". Nano Letters. 7 (12): 3656–3661. Bibcode:2007NanoL...7.3656L. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.575.5601. doi:10.1021/nl0719170.
  6. ^ Lee, Joonhyung; Dak, Piyush; Lee, Yeonsung; Park, Heekyeong; Choi, Woong; Alam, Muhammad A.; Kim, Sunkook (2014). "Two-dimensional Layered MoS2 Biosensors Enable Highly Sensitive Detection of Biomolecules". Scientific Reports. 4 (1): 7352. Bibcode:2014NatSR...4E7352L. doi:10.1038/srep07352. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4268637. PMID 25516382.
  7. ^ a b Schöning, Michael J.; Poghossian, Arshak (2002). "Recent advances in biologically sensitive field-effect transistors (BioFETs)" (PDF). The Analyst. 127 (9): 1137–1151. Bibcode:2002Ana...127.1137S. doi:10.1039/B204444G. ISSN 0003-2654. PMID 12375833.