A field-effect transistor-based biosensor, also known as a biosensor field-effect transistor (Bio-FET[1] or BioFET), field-effect biosensor (FEB),[2] or biosensor MOSFET,[3] is a field-effect transistor (based on the MOSFET structure)[3] that is gated by changes in the surface potential induced by the binding of molecules. When charged molecules, such as biomolecules, bind to the FET gate, which is usually a dielectric material, they can change the charge distribution of the underlying semiconductor material resulting in a change in conductance of the FET channel.[4][5] A Bio-FET consists of two main compartments: one is the biological recognition element and the other is the field-effect transistor.[1][6] The BioFET structure is largely based on the ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET), a type of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) where the metal gate is replaced by an ion-sensitive membrane, electrolyte solution, and reference electrode.[7]
^ abCite error: The named reference Bergveld was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Brand, U.; Brandes, L.; Koch, V.; Kullik, T.; Reinhardt, B.; Rüther, F.; Scheper, T.; Schügerl, K.; Wang, S.; Wu, X.; Ferretti, R.; Prasad, S.; Wilhelm, D. (1991). "Monitoring and control of biotechnological production processes by Bio-FET-FIA-sensors". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 36 (2): 167–172. doi:10.1007/BF00164414. hdl:10033/623808. ISSN0175-7598. PMID1368106. S2CID3122101.
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Lin, M. C.; Chu, C. J.; Tsai, L. C.; Lin, H. Y.; Wu, C. S.; Wu, Y. P.; Wu, Y. N.; Shieh, D. B.; Su, Y. W. (2007). "Control and Detection of Organosilane Polarization on Nanowire Field-Effect Transistors". Nano Letters. 7 (12): 3656–3661. Bibcode:2007NanoL...7.3656L. CiteSeerX10.1.1.575.5601. doi:10.1021/nl0719170.