Bismuth polycations

Structure of the Bi2+
8 cluster in [Bi8](GaCl4)2. The Bi–Bi bond lengths are 3.07 Å.[1]

Bismuth polycations are polyatomic ions of the formula Bin+
x. They were originally observed in solutions of bismuth metal in molten bismuth chloride.[2] It has since been found that these clusters are present in the solid state, particularly in salts where germanium tetrachloride or tetrachloroaluminate serve as the counteranions, but also in amorphous phases such as glasses and gels.[3][4][5][6][7] Bismuth endows materials with a variety of interesting optical properties that can be tuned by changing the supporting material.[8][9][10][11] Commonly-reported structures include the trigonal bipyramidal Bi3+
5 cluster, the octahedral Bi2+
6 cluster, the square antiprismatic Bi2+
8 cluster, and the tricapped trigonal prismatic Bi5+
9 cluster.

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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    5     cluster in Bi5(GaCl4)3"    . Optics Express. 20 (16): 18505–18514. Bibcode:2012OExpr..2018505C. doi:10.1364/oe.20.018505. ISSN 1094-4087. PMID 23038400.
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    8     and Bi3+
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