Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Radiograph of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
SpecialtyPediatrics Edit this on Wikidata
CausesLong-term high oxygen supplementation

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD; part of the spectrum of chronic lung disease of infancy) is a chronic lung disease which affects premature infants. Premature (preterm) infants who require treatment with supplemental oxygen or require long-term oxygen are at a higher risk.[1] The alveoli that are present tend to not be mature enough to function normally.[2] It is also more common in infants with low birth weight (LBW) and those who receive prolonged mechanical ventilation to treat respiratory distress syndrome. It results in significant morbidity and mortality. The definition of bronchopulmonary dysplasia has continued to evolve primarily due to changes in the population, such as more survivors at earlier gestational ages, and improved neonatal management including surfactant, antenatal glucocorticoid therapy, and less aggressive mechanical ventilation.[3]

Currently the description of bronchopulmonary dysplasia includes the grading of its severity into mild, moderate and severe. This correlates with the infant's maturity, growth and overall severity of illness.[4] The new system offers a better description of underlying pulmonary disease and its severity.[5]

"The term 'bronchopulmonary dysplasia' was first used by [William] Northway et al. in 1967 to describe a chronic form of injury to the lungs caused by barotrauma and oxygen injury in preterm infants requiring mechanical ventilation."[6]

  1. ^ Merck Manual, Professional Edition, Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.
  2. ^ "Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia". American Lung Association. Retrieved 2020-03-12.
  3. ^ Northway Jr, WH; Rosan, RC; Porter, DY (Feb 16, 1967). "Pulmonary disease following respirator therapy of hyaline-membrane disease. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia". The New England Journal of Medicine. 276 (7): 357–68. doi:10.1056/NEJM196702162760701. PMID 5334613.
  4. ^ Sahni, R; Ammari, A; Suri, MS; Milisavljevic, V; Ohira-Kist, K; Wung, JT; Polin, RA (Jan 2005). "Is the new definition of bronchopulmonary dysplasia more useful?". Journal of Perinatology. 25 (1): 41–6. doi:10.1038/sj.jp.7211210. PMID 15538399. S2CID 22550494.
  5. ^ Ehrenkranz, RA; Walsh, MC; Vohr, BR; Jobe, AH; Wright, LL; Fanaroff, AA; Wrage, LA; Poole, K; National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research, Network (Dec 2005). "Validation of the National Institutes of Health consensus definition of bronchopulmonary dysplasia". Pediatrics. 116 (6): 1353–60. doi:10.1542/peds.2005-0249. PMID 16322158. S2CID 21228956.
  6. ^ Sahni, Mitali; Mowes, Anja K. (2023), "Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 30969701, retrieved 2023-09-18