Budesonide

Budesonide
Clinical data
Trade namesPulmicort, Rhinocort, Entocort, others
Other namesBUD
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa608007
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: A/ B3
Routes of
administration		By mouth, nasal, tracheal, rectal, inhalation
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability10-20% (first pass effect)
Protein binding85-90%
MetabolismLiver CYP3A4
Elimination half-life2.0-3.6 hours
ExcretionUrine, feces
Identifiers
  • 11β,21-Dihydroxy-16α,17α-[butane-1,1-diylbis(oxy)]pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
PDB ligand
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.051.927 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC25H34O6
Molar mass430.541 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • CCCC1O[C@@H]2C[C@H]3[C@@H]4CCC5=CC(=O)C=C[C@@]5([C@H]4[C@H](C[C@@]3([C@@]2(O1)C(=O)CO)C)O)C
  • InChI=1S/C25H34O6/c1-4-5-21-30-20-11-17-16-7-6-14-10-15(27)8-9-23(14,2)22(16)18(28)12-24(17,3)25(20,31-21)19(29)13-26/h8-10,16-18,20-22,26,28H,4-7,11-13H2,1-3H3/t16-,17-,18-,20+,21?,22+,23-,24-,25+/m0/s1 ☒N
  • Key:VOVIALXJUBGFJZ-KWVAZRHASA ☒N
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Budesonide, sold under the brand name Pulmicort, among others, is a steroid medication.[8] It is available as an inhaler, nebulization solution, pill, nasal spray, and rectal forms.[8][9] The inhaled form is used in the long-term management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).[8][10][11] The nasal spray is used for allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps.[9][12] Modified-release pills or capsules and rectal forms may be used for inflammatory bowel disease including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and microscopic colitis.[13][14][15]

Common side effects with the inhaled form include respiratory infections, cough, and headaches.[16] Common side effects with the pills include feeling tired, vomiting, and joint pains.[16] Serious side effects include an increased risk of infection, loss of bone strength, and cataracts.[16] Long-term use of the pill form may cause adrenal insufficiency.[16] Stopping the pills suddenly following long-term use may therefore be dangerous.[16] The inhaled form is generally safe in pregnancy.[16] Budesonide chiefly acts as a glucocorticoid.[16]

Budesonide was initially patented in 1973.[17] Commercial use as an asthma medication began in 1981.[18] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[19] Some forms are available as a generic medication.[20][21] In 2022, it was the 177th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions.[22][23]

  1. ^ "FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)". nctr-crs.fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  2. ^ "Regulatory Decision Summary - Uceris". Health Canada. 23 October 2014. Archived from the original on 5 June 2022. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
  3. ^ "Tarpeyo- budesonide capsule, delayed release". DailyMed. Archived from the original on 25 December 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
  4. ^ "Pulmicort Flexhaler- budesonide aerosol, powder". DailyMed. Archived from the original on 19 September 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
  5. ^ "Eohilia- budesonide suspension". DailyMed. 9 February 2024. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  6. ^ "Jorveza EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 17 September 2018. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference Kinpeygo EPAR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ a b c "Budesonide". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 28 November 2015. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
  9. ^ a b "Budesonide eent". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
  10. ^ De Coster DA, Jones M (2014). "Tailoring of corticosteroids in COPD management". Current Respiratory Care Reports. 3 (3): 121–132. doi:10.1007/s13665-014-0084-2. PMC 4113685. PMID 25089228.
  11. ^ Christophi GP, Rengarajan A, Ciorba MA (2016). "Rectal budesonide and mesalamine formulations in active ulcerative proctosigmoiditis: efficacy, tolerance, and treatment approach". Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology. 9: 125–30. doi:10.2147/CEG.S80237. PMC 4876845. PMID 27274301.
  12. ^ Rudmik L, Schlosser RJ, Smith TL, Soler ZM (July 2012). "Impact of topical nasal steroid therapy on symptoms of nasal polyposis: a meta-analysis". The Laryngoscope. 122 (7): 1431–7. doi:10.1002/lary.23259. PMID 22410935. S2CID 25637461.
  13. ^ Silverman J, Otley A (July 2011). "Budesonide in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease". Expert Review of Clinical Immunology. 7 (4): 419–28. doi:10.1586/eci.11.34. PMID 21790284. S2CID 32892611.
  14. ^ Pardi DS, Tremaine WJ, Carrasco-Labra A (January 2016). "American Gastroenterological Association Institute Technical Review on the Medical Management of Microscopic Colitis". Gastroenterology. 150 (1): 247–274.e11. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2015.11.006. PMID 26584602.
  15. ^ British national formulary: BNF 58 (58 ed.). British Medical Association. 2009. pp. 56–57. ISBN 9780857111562.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g "Budesonide". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 28 November 2015. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
  17. ^ Domeij B (2000). Pharmaceutical patents in Europe. The Hague: Kluwer Law International. p. 278. ISBN 9789041113481. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015.
  18. ^ Hamley P (2015). Small Molecule Medicinal Chemistry: Strategies and Technologies. John Wiley & Sons. p. 390. ISBN 9781118771693. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015.
  19. ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  20. ^ Hamilton R (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 451. ISBN 9781284057560.
  21. ^ "First Generic Drug Approvals 2023". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 30 May 2023. Archived from the original on 30 June 2023. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  22. ^ "The Top 300 of 2022". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  23. ^ "Budesonide Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022". ClinCalc. Retrieved 30 August 2024.