Buhen

Buhen
	Fortress of Buhen, of the Middle Kingdom, reconstructed under the New Kingdom (about 1200 B.C.)
	Shown within Northeast Africa Buhen (Sudan)
Location	Northern, Sudan
Region	Old Kingdom
Coordinates	21°55′N 31°17′E / 21.917°N 31.283°E
Type	Settlement

Buhen, alternatively known as Βοὥν (Bohón) in Ancient Greek,^[1] stands as a significant ancient Egyptian settlement on the western bank of the Nile, just below the Second Cataract in present-day Northern State, Sudan. Its origins trace back to the Old Kingdom period (about 2686–2181BCE), where it served as an Egyptian colonial town, particularly recognized for copper smelting. In 1962, archaeological discoveries brought to light an ancient copper manufacturing facility encircled by an imposing stone barrier, indicating its origin during the rule of Sneferu in the 4th Dynasty. Inscriptions and graffiti disclosed a continuous Egyptian presence spanning two centuries, only to be interrupted by migration from the southern regions in the 5th Dynasty.^[2]

^ Cite error: The named reference Budge980 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Davey, Christopher J., Brunella Santarelli, and Thilo Rehren. "Egyptian Middle Kingdom Copper: Analysis of a Crucible from Buhen."

[Budge980-1] Cite error: The named reference Budge980 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[2] Davey, Christopher J., Brunella Santarelli, and Thilo Rehren. "Egyptian Middle Kingdom Copper: Analysis of a Crucible from Buhen."

[1]

[2]

Fortress of Buhen, of the Middle Kingdom, reconstructed under the New Kingdom (about 1200 B.C.)
Shown within Northeast Africa Show map of Northeast Africa Buhen (Sudan) Show map of Sudan
Location	Northern, Sudan
Region	Old Kingdom
Coordinates	21°55′N 31°17′E / 21.917°N 31.283°E / 21.917; 31.283
Type	Settlement