CD14 (cluster of differentiation 14) is a human protein made mostly by macrophages as part of the innate immune system.[5][6] It helps to detect bacteria in the body by binding lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP).
CD14 exists in two forms, one anchored to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) tail (mCD14), the other a soluble form (sCD14). Soluble CD14 either appears after shedding of mCD14 (48 kDa) or is directly secreted from intracellular vesicles (56 kDa).[7]
The x-ray crystal structure of human CD14 reveals a monomeric, bent solenoid structure containing a hydrophobic amino-terminal pocket.[8]
CD14 was the first described pattern recognition receptor.
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000170458 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000051439 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ Setoguchi M, Nasu N, Yoshida S, Higuchi Y, Akizuki S, Yamamoto S (July 1989). "Mouse and human CD14 (myeloid cell-specific leucine-rich glycoprotein) primary structure deduced from cDNA clones". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression. 1008 (2): 213–222. doi:10.1016/0167-4781(80)90012-3. PMID 2472171.
- ^ Simmons DL, Tan S, Tenen DG, Nicholson-Weller A, Seed B (January 1989). "Monocyte antigen CD14 is a phospholipid anchored membrane protein". Blood. 73 (1): 284–289. doi:10.1182/blood.V73.1.284.284. PMID 2462937.
- ^ Kirkland TN, Viriyakosol S (1998). "Structure-function analysis of soluble and membrane-bound CD14". Progress in Clinical and Biological Research. 397: 79–87. PMID 9575549.
- ^ Kelley SL, Lukk T, Nair SK, Tapping RI (February 2013). "The crystal structure of human soluble CD14 reveals a bent solenoid with a hydrophobic amino-terminal pocket". Journal of Immunology. 190 (3): 1304–1311. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1202446. PMC 3552104. PMID 23264655.