B-lymphocyte antigen CD19, also known as CD19 molecule (Cluster of Differentiation 19), B-Lymphocyte Surface Antigen B4, T-Cell Surface Antigen Leu-12 and CVID3 is a transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the gene CD19.[5][6] In humans, CD19 is expressed in all B lineage cells.[7][8] Contrary to some early doubts, human plasma cells do express CD19.[9][10] CD19 plays two major roles in human B cells: on the one hand, it acts as an adaptor protein to recruit cytoplasmic signaling proteins to the membrane; on the other, it works within the CD19/CD21 complex to decrease the threshold for B cell receptor signaling pathways. Due to its presence on all B cells, it is a biomarker for B lymphocyte development, lymphoma diagnosis and can be utilized as a target for leukemia immunotherapies.[8]
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000177455 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000030724 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Entrez Gene: CD19 CD19 molecule".
- ^ Tedder TF, Isaacs CM (July 1989). "Isolation of cDNAs encoding the CD19 antigen of human and mouse B lymphocytes. A new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily". Journal of Immunology. 143 (2): 712–717. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.143.2.712. PMID 2472450. S2CID 22081793.
- ^ Schroeder HW, Rich RR (2013). "Chapter 4: Antigen receptor genes, gene products, and co-receptors". Clinical immunology: Principles and Practice (4th ed.). London: Elsevier Saunders. pp. 47–51. ISBN 978-0-7234-3691-1. OCLC 823736017.
- ^ a b Scheuermann RH, Racila E (August 1995). "CD19 antigen in leukemia and lymphoma diagnosis and immunotherapy". Leukemia & Lymphoma. 18 (5–6): 385–397. doi:10.3109/10428199509059636. PMID 8528044.
- ^ Merville P, Déchanet J, Desmoulière A, Durand I, de Bouteiller O, Garrone P, et al. (January 1996). "Bcl-2+ tonsillar plasma cells are rescued from apoptosis by bone marrow fibroblasts". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 183 (1): 227–236. doi:10.1084/jem.183.1.227. PMC 2192413. PMID 8551226.
- ^ Martín P, Santón A, Bellas C (April 2004). "Neural cell adhesion molecule expression in plasma cells in bone marrow biopsies and aspirates allows discrimination between multiple myeloma, monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance and polyclonal plasmacytosis". Histopathology. 44 (4): 375–380. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2004.01834.x. PMID 15049904. S2CID 45937555.