CX3C motif chemokine receptor 1

CX3CR1
Identifiers
Aliases	CX3CR1, CCRL1, CMKBRL1, CMKDR1, GPR13, GPRV28, V28, C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1
External IDs	OMIM: 601470; MGI: 1333815; HomoloGene: 20350; GeneCards: CX3CR1; OMA:CX3CR1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 3 (human)[1] Band 3p22.2 Start 39,263,495 bp[1] End 39,281,735 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 9 (mouse)[2] Band 9|9 F4 Start 119,730,682 bp[2] End 119,898,945 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in granulocyte inferior ganglion of vagus nerve superior vestibular nucleus mononuclear cell monocyte ventral tegmental area subthalamic nucleus trigeminal ganglion Region I of hippocampus proper spinal ganglia Top expressed in lumbar subsegment of spinal cord globus pallidus internal carotid artery nucleus accumbens mesenteric lymph nodes optic nerve dorsal striatum prefrontal cortex external carotid artery perirhinal cortex More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function G protein-coupled receptor activity C-X3-C chemokine receptor activity signal transducer activity protein binding chemokine receptor activity C-X3-C chemokine binding cytokine receptor activity G protein-coupled peptide receptor activity C-C chemokine receptor activity chemokine binding C-C chemokine binding Cellular component integral component of membrane membrane plasma membrane integral component of plasma membrane neuronal cell body membrane perinuclear region of cytoplasm neuron projection nucleus nucleoplasm external side of plasma membrane cell surface dendritic tree Biological process cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway chemokine-mediated signaling pathway memory positive regulation of angiogenesis chemotaxis cellular defense response cell adhesion negative regulation of cell migration response to wounding negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation viral process cellular response to lipopolysaccharide signal transduction microglial cell activation involved in immune response negative regulation of angiogenesis cytokine-mediated signaling pathway cerebral cortex cell migration macrophage chemotaxis negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand response to ischemia immune response phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration cell-cell signaling calcium-mediated signaling central nervous system maturation negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production social behavior autocrine signaling innate immune response regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process regulation of synaptic plasticity regulation of neurogenesis positive regulation of neurogenesis modulation of chemical synaptic transmission leukocyte tethering or rolling positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling synapse maturation cell chemotaxis synapse pruning negative regulation of hippocampal neuron apoptotic process multiple spine synapse organization, single dendrite positive regulation of I-kappaB phosphorylation regulation of microglial cell migration negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 1524 13051 Ensembl ENSG00000168329 ENSMUSG00000052336 UniProt P49238 Q9Z0D9 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001337 NM_001171171 NM_001171172 NM_001171174 NM_009987 RefSeq (protein) NP_001164642 NP_001164643 NP_001164645 NP_001328 NP_034117 Location (UCSC) Chr 3: 39.26 – 39.28 Mb Chr 9: 119.73 – 119.9 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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CX3C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1), also known as the fractalkine receptor or G-protein coupled receptor 13 (GPR13), is a transmembrane protein of the G protein-coupled receptor 1 (GPCR1) family and the only known member of the CX3C chemokine receptor subfamily.^[5][6][7]

As the name suggests, this receptor binds the inflammatory chemokine CX3CL1 (also called neurotactin in mice or fractalkine in humans). This endogenous ligand solely binds to CX3CR1 receptor. Interaction of CX3CR1 with CX3CL1 can mediate migration, adhesion and retention of leukocytes, because Fractalkine exists as membrane-anchored protein (mCX3CL1) as well as cleaved soluble molecule (sCX3CL1) due to proteolysis by metalloproteinases (MPPs). The shedded form carries out typical function of conventional chemokines, the chemotaxis, while the membrane-bound protein behaves as adhesion molecule for facilitation of diapedesis.^[7][8]

Both partners of CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis are present on numerous cell types from hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells throughout the body. Moreover, their distinct cell expression is dependent on specific tissues and organs, which provides broad sphere of biological activity. Hence, considering their various functional activity, they are also linked with multiple neurodegenerative and inflammatory disorders as well as with tumorigenesis.^[7][8][9]