Cadra figulilella

Cadra figulilella
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Pyralidae
Genus: Cadra
Species:
C. figulilella
Binomial name
Cadra figulilella
(Gregson, 1871)
Synonyms
  • Ephestia figulilella Gregson, 1871
  • Ephestia ficulella Barrett, 1875
  • Cadra figulilella f. halfaella Roesler, 1966
  • Cadra ernestinella Turati, 1927
  • Cadra gypsella Ragonot, 1887
  • Cadra milleri Zeller, 1876
  • Cadra venosella Turati, 1926
  • Cadra halfaella Roesler, 1965

Cadra figulilella, the raisin moth, is a moth of the family Pyralidae. The raisin moth is known most commonly as a pest that feeds on dried fruits, such as the raisin and date. It covers a range that includes much of the world, primarily situating itself in areas of California, Florida, the Eastern Mediterranean region, and some parts of Africa, Australia, and South America.[1][2] The moth prefers to live in a hot, arid climate with little moisture and plentiful harvest for its larvae to feed on.[3] Study of this species is important due to the vast amount of economic damage it causes yearly and worldwide to agriculture crops.

Adult raisin moths have a life span of 11–16 days and devote most of their resources to reproduction. Eggs are laid on or near the fruit and larvae immediately begin boring and infesting the fruit. Fumigation after harvest does not save infested fruits, as the pest has already dug into the fruit and spoiled it.[2][3]

The mating process consists of pheromone release by both the male and female moths as well as many other copulatory rituals that function to prevent interspecies mating. Copulation consists of specific head bump technique paired with thrusting behavior. There is also a specific method of curling the abdomen that distinguishes this moth from the moths of other species.[1][2][4][5]

This moth also displays migration behavior as well as nocturnal activity. During the start of cold winter months, the larvae of the raisin moth will move from the fruit in which they are enveloped to the top 4 inches of topsoil.[3] It tends to be most active after 7pm, or around sundown, and then ceases activity by 5am, or before sunrise.[6]

  1. ^ a b Phelan, P. L., and T. C. Baker. "Information Transmission during Intra- and Interspecific Courtship In Ephestia Elutella and Cadra Figulilella." Journal of Insect Behavior 3.5 (1990): 589-602. Web.
  2. ^ a b c Perring, Thomas M., Hamadttu A. F. El-Shafie, and Waqas Wakil. "Carob Moth, Lesser Date Moth, and Raisin Moth." Sustainable Pest Management in Date Palm: Current Status and Emerging Challenges (2015): 109-67. Web.
  3. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Brady, U. Eugene, and Robert C. Daley. "Identification of a Sex Pheromone from the Female Raisin Moth, Cadra Figulilella1,2." Annals of the Entomological Society of America 65.6 (1972): 1356-358. Web
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference :4 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference :5 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).