Cambodia

This article is about the country. For the song by Kim Wilde, see Cambodia (song).
"Kampuchea" redirects here. For other uses, see Kampuchea (disambiguation).

Kingdom of Cambodia
ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា (Khmer)
Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchéa
Motto: ជាតិ សាសនា ព្រះមហាក្សត្រ
Anthem: នគររាជ
Capital
and largest city
Phnom Penh
11°34′10″N 104°55′16″E / 11.56944°N 104.92111°E / 11.56944; 104.92111
Official languagesKhmer[1]
Official scriptKhmer[1]
Ethnic groups
(2021[2])
Religion
(2019[3])
Demonym(s)
GovernmentUnitary dominant-party parliamentary constitutional elective monarchy under an authoritarian regime[5][6][7]
• Monarch
Norodom Sihamoni
Hun Manet
Hun Sen
Khuon Sodary
LegislatureParliament
• Upper house
Senate
• Lower house
National Assembly
Formation
• Funan
68–550
• Chenla
550–802
802–1431
1431–1863
11 August 1863
• Independence from France
9 November 1953
Area
• Total
181,035 km2 (69,898 sq mi) (88th)
• Water (%)
2.5
Population
• 2024 estimate
17,638,801[8] (71st)
• Density
94.4/km2 (244.5/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)2024 estimate
• Total
Increase $106.714 billion[9] (97th)
• Per capita
Increase $6,541[9] (144th)
GDP (nominal)2024 estimate
• Total
Increase $33.233 billion[9] (108th)
• Per capita
Increase $2,037[9] (151st)
Gini (2013)36.0[10]
medium inequality
HDI (2022)Increase 0.600[11]
medium (148th)
Currency
[12][13]
Time zoneUTC+07:00 (ICT)
Calling code+855
ISO 3166 codeKH
Internet TLD.kh
You may need rendering support to display the Khmer text in this article correctly.

Cambodia,[a] officially the Kingdom of Cambodia,[b] is a country in Mainland Southeast Asia. It borders Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the north, Vietnam to the east, and has a coastline along the Gulf of Thailand in the southwest. It spans an area of 181,035 square kilometres (69,898 square miles), and has a population of about 17 million.[15] Its capital and most populous city is Phnom Penh.

In 802 AD, Jayavarman II declared himself king, uniting the warring Khmer princes of Chenla under the name "Kambuja".[16] This marked the beginning of the Khmer Empire. The Indianised kingdom facilitated the spread of first Hinduism and then Buddhism to Southeast Asia and undertook religious infrastructural projects throughout the region. In the 15th century, it began a decline in power (the Post-Angkor Period) until, in 1863, it became the French Protectorate of Cambodia.

After the Japanese occupation of Cambodia during the Second World War, it gained independence in 1953. The Vietnam War extended into the country in 1965 via the Ho Chi Minh and Sihanouk trails. A 1970 coup installed the US-aligned Khmer Republic, which was overthrown by the Khmer Rouge in 1975. The Khmer Rouge ruled the country and carried out the Cambodian genocide from 1975 until 1979, when they were ousted in the Cambodian–Vietnamese War. The Vietnamese-occupied People's Republic of Kampuchea became the de facto government.

Following the 1991 Paris Peace Accords which formally ended the war with Vietnam, Cambodia was governed by a United Nations mission (1992–93). The UN withdrew after the 1993 Cambodian general election, decided by around 90% of registered voters. The 1997 coup d'état consolidated power under Prime Minister Hun Sen and the Cambodian People's Party (CPP). While constitutionally a multi-party state,[17] CPP dominates the political system and dissolved its main opposition party in 2017, making it a de facto one-party state.[18] The UN now designates it a least developed country.[19]

Cambodia is a member of the United Nations, ASEAN, the RCEP, the East Asia Summit, the WTO, the Non-Aligned Movement and La Francophonie, and a dialogue partner of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.[20][21] Agriculture remains the dominant economic sector, with growth in textiles, construction, garments, and tourism leading to increased foreign investment and international trade.[22] It is among the most vulnerable countries to climate change.

  1. ^ a b "Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia". Office of the Council of Ministers. អង្គភាពព័ត៌មាន និងប្រតិកម្មរហ័ស. 25 January 2017. Archived from the original on 14 December 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
  2. ^ "Report of Socio-Economic Survey 2021" (PDF). National Institute of Statistics. Ministry of Planning. December 2022. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 May 2024. Retrieved 9 September 2024.
  3. ^ "General Population Census of Cambodia 2019" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 26 May 2023.
  4. ^ "Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia" (PDF). Constitutional Council of Cambodia. October 2015. p. 14 Article 43. Archived from the original on 16 October 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2022. Buddhism is State's religion
  5. ^ "What to expect from Cambodia's new 'dynastic' prime minister". Deutsche Welle. 8 August 2022. Archived from the original on 25 August 2023. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  6. ^ Syed, Armani (26 July 2023). "What to Know About the Army Chief Who Will Be Cambodia's Next Leader". Time. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  7. ^ Hunt, Luke (23 August 2023). "Assessing Cambodia's New Political Leadership". The Diplomat. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  8. ^ "Cambodia Population (2024) - Worldometer". www.worldometers.info. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  9. ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Cambodia)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2023. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  10. ^ "Income Gini coefficient". hdr.undp.org. World Bank. Archived from the original on 10 June 2010. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  11. ^ "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  12. ^ Nay Im, Tal; Dabadie, Michel (31 March 2007). "Dollarization in Cambodia" (PDF). National Bank of Cambodia. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  13. ^ Nagumo, Jada (4 August 2021). "Cambodia aims to wean off US dollar dependence with digital currency". Nikkei Asia. Archived from the original on 15 April 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2022. Cambodia runs a dual-currency system, with the U.S. dollar widely circulating in its economy. The country's dollarization began in the 1980s and 90s, following years of civil war and unrest.
  14. ^ "Cambodia". Dictionary.reference.com. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  15. ^ "Cambodia Population (2024) - Worldometer". www.worldometers.info. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  16. ^ Chandler, David P. (1992) History of Cambodia. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, ISBN 0813335116.
  17. ^ "CONSTITUTION OF THE KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA". pressocm.gov.kh. Office of the Council of Ministers. 25 January 2017. Archived from the original on 19 August 2017. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  18. ^ Barrett, Chris (10 November 2022). "Biden, Albanese urged to fight repression in Cambodia". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 17 November 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
  19. ^ "UN list of Least Developed Countries". UNCTAD. Archived from the original on 29 March 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
  20. ^ Kucera, Joshua (10 July 2015). "SCO Summit Provides Few Concrete Results, But More Ambitious Goals". Eurasianet. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
  21. ^ "Cambodia becomes dialogue partner in SCO". TASS. 24 September 2015. Archived from the original on 17 April 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
  22. ^ "Cambodia to outgrow LDC status by 2020". The Phnom Penh Post. 18 May 2011. Archived from the original on 21 May 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2011.


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