Cao Pi's invasions of Eastern Wu

Cao Pi's invasions of Eastern Wu
Part of the wars of the Three Kingdoms period
A map showing the invasions (not drawn to scale)
Date September 222–225 Location Numerous location along the Yangtze River, Ruxu, Dongkou, and Jiangling Result Stalemate, Cao Pi fails to capture land below the Yangtze River and retreats
Belligerents
Cao Wei	Eastern Wu
Commanders and leaders
Cao Pi Cao Ren Wang Shuang Cao Zhen Xin Pi Xu Huang Zhang He Xiahou Shang Cao Xiu Zang Ba Zhang Liao	Sun Quan Lü Fan Sun Shao Xu Sheng He Qi Zhu Ran Zhu Huan Pan Zhang
Strength
100,000+[1]	50,000+

During the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history, Cao Pi, the first emperor of the state of Cao Wei, invaded the rival state of Eastern Wu thrice during his reign between 222 and 225. The casus belli for the attack was the Wu leader Sun Quan's refusal to send his son Sun Deng as a hostage to the Wei court, under which Wu was a nominal vassal at the time. The invasions were separated into two parts. The first attack occurred in the years 222–224 before Cao Pi ordered total retreat. The second and last part was fought in 225.