Carlos Mesa | |
|---|---|
 Official portrait, 2004 | |
| 63rd President of Bolivia | |
| In office 17 October 2003 – 9 June 2005 | |
| Vice President | Vacant |
| Preceded by | Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada |
| Succeeded by | Eduardo Rodríguez Veltzé |
| 37th Vice President of Bolivia | |
| In office 6 August 2002 – 17 October 2003 | |
| President | Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada |
| Preceded by | Jorge Quiroga |
| Succeeded by | Álvaro García Linera |
| Leader of Civic Community | |
| Assumed office 13 November 2018 | |
| Preceded by | Alliance established |
| Official Representative of Bolivia for the Maritime Claim | |
| In office 28 April 2014 – 1 October 2018[a] | |
| President | Evo Morales |
| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | Position dissolved |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Carlos Diego de Mesa Gisbert 12 August 1953 La Paz, Bolivia |
| Political party | Revolutionary Left Front (2018–present) |
| Other political affiliations | Independent (before 2018) |
| Spouses | Patricia Flores Soto
(m. 1975; div. 1978)Elvira Salinas Gamarra
(m. 1980) |
| Children |
|
| Parents | |
| Education |
|
| Alma mater | |
| Occupation |
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| Awards | List of awards and honors |
| Signature |  |
| Website | |
Carlos Diego de Mesa Gisbert[b] (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkaɾlos ˈðjeɣo ˈmesa xisˈβeɾt] ; born 12 August 1953) is a Bolivian historian, journalist, and politician who served as the 63rd president of Bolivia from 2003 to 2005. As an independent politician, he had previously served as the 37th vice president of Bolivia from 2002 to 2003 under Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada and was the international spokesman for Bolivia's lawsuit against Chile in the International Court of Justice from 2014 to 2018. A member of the Revolutionary Left Front, he has served as leader of Civic Community, the largest opposition parliamentary group in Bolivia, since 2018.
Born in La Paz, Mesa began a twenty-three-year-long journalistic career after graduating from university. He rose to national fame in 1983 as the host of De Cerca, in which he interviewed prominent figures of Bolivian political and cultural life. His popular appeal led former president Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada of the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR) to invite him to be his running mate in the 2002 presidential election. Though Mesa's moderate left-wing sympathies contrasted with centre-right policies of the MNR, he accepted the offer, running as an independent in a hotly contested electoral campaign. The Sánchez de Lozada-Mesa ticket won the election, and, on 6 August, Mesa took charge of a largely ceremonial office that carried with it few formal powers save for guaranteeing the constitutional line of succession. Shortly into his term, conflict between Sánchez de Lozada and Mesa arose. By October 2003, the increasingly tense situation surrounding the ongoing gas conflict caused a definitive break in relations between the president and vice president, leading the latter to announce his withdrawal from government after clashes between protesters and military personnel led to several deaths. Crucially, Mesa opted not to resign from his vice-presidential post and succeeded to the presidency upon Sánchez de Lozada's resignation.
Mesa assumed office with broadly popular civic support but leading a government without a party base and devoid of organic parliamentary support left him with little room to maneuver as his public policy proposals were severely restricted by the legislature—controlled by traditional parties and increasingly organized regional and social movements spearheaded by the cocalero activist and future president Evo Morales. As promised, he held a national referendum on gas which passed with high margins on all five counts. Nonetheless, widespread dissatisfaction resurged, and his call for a binding referendum on autonomies and the convocation of a constituent assembly to reform the Constitution failed to quell unrest. Mesa resigned in June 2005, though not before ensuring that the heads of the two legislative chambers renounced their succession rights, facilitating the assumption of the non-partisan Supreme Court judge Eduardo Rodríguez Veltzé to the presidency. With that, Mesa withdrew from active politics and returned his focus to various media projects and journalistic endeavors. In 2014, despite previous animosity, President Evo Morales appointed him as the international spokesman for the country's maritime lawsuit against Chile before the International Court of Justice (ICJ), a position he held until the final ruling at The Hague in 2018.
Mesa's work for the maritime cause propelled him back into the national consciousness, and he soon emerged as a viable alternative to Morales as a contender for the presidency, even surpassing the president in electoral preference polls. Shortly after the ruling by the ICJ, Mesa announced his presidential candidacy. In the 2019 election, Mesa was defeated by Morales, who failed to garner a majority but won a wide enough plurality to avoid a runoff. However, irregularities in the preliminary vote tally prompted Mesa to denounce electoral fraud and call for mass demonstrations, ultimately ending in Morales' resignation and an ensuing political crisis. The following year, snap elections were held, but numerous postponements and an unpopular transitional government hampered Mesa's campaign, resulting in a first-round loss to Movement for Socialism (MAS) candidate Luis Arce. Mesa emerged from the election as the head of the largest opposition bloc in a legislature that does not hold a MAS supermajority for the first time in over a decade.
- ^ "Canciller no responde si Carlos Mesa sigue siendo vocero de la demanda marítima". Los Tiempos (in Spanish). 11 October 2018. Archived from the original on 17 December 2021. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
- ^ "Padrón electoral biométrico y militancia: Carlos Diego de Mesa Gisbert". yoparticipo.oep.org.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Plurinational Electoral Organ. 24 January 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
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