Cell-free system

A cell-free system is an in vitro tool widely used to study biological reactions that happen within cells apart from a full cell system, thus reducing the complex interactions typically found when working in a whole cell.[1] Subcellular fractions can be isolated by ultracentrifugation to provide molecular machinery that can be used in reactions in the absence of many of the other cellular components.[2] Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell internals have been used for creation of these simplified environments.[3][4] These systems have enabled cell-free synthetic biology to emerge, providing control over what reaction is being examined, as well as its yield, and lessening the considerations otherwise invoked when working with more sensitive live cells.[5]

  1. ^ Swartz, Jim (2006-07-01). "Developing cell-free biology for industrial applications". Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. 33 (7): 476–485. doi:10.1007/s10295-006-0127-y. ISSN 1367-5435. PMID 16761165. S2CID 12374464.
  2. ^ "MeSH Browser". meshb.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2017-10-18.
  3. ^ Gregorio, Nicole E.; Levine, Max Z.; Oza, Javin P. (2019). "A User's Guide to Cell-Free Protein Synthesis". Methods and Protocols. 2 (1): 24. doi:10.3390/mps2010024. PMC 6481089. PMID 31164605.
  4. ^ Zemella, Anne; Thoring, Lena; Hoffmeister, Christian; Kubick, Stefan (2015-11-01). "Cell-Free Protein Synthesis: Pros and Cons of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Systems". ChemBioChem. 16 (17): 2420–2431. doi:10.1002/cbic.201500340. ISSN 1439-7633. PMC 4676933. PMID 26478227.
  5. ^ Lu, Yuan (2017). "Cell-free synthetic biology: Engineering in an open world". Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology. 2 (1): 23–27. doi:10.1016/j.synbio.2017.02.003. PMC 5625795. PMID 29062958.