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A censure, in the canon law of the Catholic Church, is a medicinal and spiritual punishment imposed by the Church on a baptized, delinquent, and contumacious individual. This punishment deprives the person, either wholly or partially, of certain spiritual goods until they resolve their contumacy. These spiritual goods may include access to the sacraments, participation in specific liturgical activities, and involvement in ecclesiastical functions.
Censures in the Catholic Church have their roots in ancient ecclesiastical practices and have evolved over centuries. They originated from the early Church's efforts to maintain order and discipline among its members. Throughout history, censures have been used to uphold the Church's teachings and values, promote repentance, and encourage spiritual growth.