Chalmers is a Scottish surname. Notable people with this surname include:
- Alan Chalmers (born 1939), British philosopher of science
- Alexander Chalmers (1759–1834), Scottish writer
- Alexander Chalmers (mayor) (1745–1703), Scottish-Polish merchant, jurist, and city clerk
- Andrew Chalmers (actor) (born 1992), Canadian actor
- Andrew Chalmers (footballer) (1899-?), Scottish professional footballer
- Andrew Chalmers (rugby league) New Zealand businessman and rugby league player
- Angela Chalmers (born 1963), Canadian middle-distance athlete
- Anna Maria Mead Chalmers (1809–1891), American journalist
- Brett Chalmers (born 1973), Australian rules footballer
- Bruce Chalmers (1907–1990), American metallurgist
- Christopher Chalmers (born 1967), Canadian freestyle swimmer
- Craig Chalmers (born 1968), Scottish rugby union player
- David Chalmers (born 1966), Australian philosopher and cognitive scientist
- Floyd Chalmers (1898–1993), Canadian editor, publisher and philanthropist
- George Chalmers (antiquarian) (1742–1825), Scottish antiquarian
- George Paul Chalmers (1833–1878), Scottish painter
- George Chalmers (baseball) (1888–1960), American baseball player
- Greg Chalmers (born 1973), Australian professional golfer
- Hamilton Henderson Chalmers (1833–1885), justice of the Supreme Court of Mississippi
- Iain Chalmers (born 1943), British health services researcher
- Jackie Chalmers (1885– ?), Scottish footballer
- James Chalmers (actor) (born 1974), British actor
- James Chalmers (inventor) (1782–1853), Scottish inventor of the adhesive postage stamp
- James Chalmers (missionary) (1841–1901), Scottish missionary
- James Ronald Chalmers (1831–1898), American politician
- Lt. Col. James Chalmers, Scottish-born loyalist officer during the American Revolution
- Jim Chalmers (born 1978), Australian politician
- Jim Chalmers (New South Wales politician) (1901–1986), member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1947 to 1956
- Jimmy Chalmers (1877–1915), Scottish footballer
- Joan Chalmers (1928–2016), Canadian philanthropist
- John George Chalmers (1874–1962), American football coach
- Joseph W. Chalmers (1806–1853), U.S. Senator from Mississippi
- Judith Chalmers (born 1935), English television presenter
- Kyle Chalmers (born 1998), Australian swimmer
- Len Chalmers (born 1936), Association football player for Leicester City
- Lewis Chalmers (born 1986), Association football player for Aldershot Town
- Lionel Chalmers (born 1980), American basketball player
- Logan Chalmers (born 2000), Scottish footballer
- Sir Mackenzie Chalmers (1847–1927), British civil servant, judge, pioneer legislative draftsman
- Mario Chalmers (born 1986), American basketball player
- Nathanael Chalmers (1830–1910), Scottish-born pastoralist, explorer, politician mainly of New Zealand
- Patrick R. Chalmers (1872–1942), Irish writer
- Paul Chalmers (born 1963), Scottish footballer
- Stevie Chalmers (1936–2019), Scottish footballer
- Robert Chalmers (1858–1938), British official, Permanent Secretary to the Treasury, Governor of Ceylon; Pali scholar
- Thomas Chalmers (1780–1847), scholar, theologian, leader of the Free Church of Scotland
- Thomas Chalmers (rugby player) (1850–1926), Scottish rugby player
- Thomas C. Chalmers (1917–1995), American medical researcher
- Thomas Hardie Chalmers (1884–1966), American actor and opera singer
- Walter Chalmers (1873–1957), British locomotive engineer
- William Chalmers (merchant) (1748–1811), Swedish 18th century businessman and the founder of Chalmers University of Technology