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Chiangism (Chinese: 蔣介石主義; Wade–Giles: Chiang3 Chieh4-shih2 chu3i4), also known as the Political Philosophy of Chiang Kai-shek (Chinese: 蔣介石的學說; Wade–Giles: Chiang3 Chieh4-shih2 ti4 hsüeh2shuo1), or Chiang Kai-shek Thought, is the political philosophy of President Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, who used it during his rule in China under the Kuomintang on both the mainland and Taiwan. It is a right-wing[a] authoritarian nationalist ideology based on mostly Tridemist principles mixed with Confucianism.[3] It was primarily practiced as part of the New Life Movement, as well as the Chinese Cultural Renaissance movement. It is influenced by other political ideologies, including socialism, fascism, party-state capitalism, paternalistic conservatism, as well as Chiang's Methodist Christian beliefs.
Chiangism opposed feudalism, communism, and imperialism while promoting ideals of a unified Chinese national identity. It was initially socialist in outlook but became increasingly aligned with authoritarian capitalism after 1955. The extent of fascist influence on Chiang is debated among scholars. Chiangism was largely diminished in Mainland China by the Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries of the communists and began to wane at the start of democratization in Taiwan.[4]
- ^ Donald A. Jordan (March 31, 2019). The Northern Expedition: China's National Revolution of 1926–1928. Humanities Open Books program, a joint initiative of the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. p. 50.
- ^ Peter Gue Zarrow (2005). China in War and Revolution, 1895-1949. Routledge. p. 239.
- ^ Dirlik, Arif (1975). "The Ideological Foundations of the New Life Movement: A Study in Counterrevolution". The Journal of Asian Studies. 34 (4): 945–980. doi:10.2307/2054509. JSTOR 2054509. S2CID 144316615.
- ^ Rev. Wendell P. Karsen (16 September 2022). The Church Under the Cross: Taiwan - The Cross of Fascism. Taipei, Taiwan: Taiwan Foundation for Democracy. ISBN 979-8759126652. Retrieved 2024-06-28 – via Amazon.com.
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