White Eagle | |
---|---|
Qithaska | |
Hereditary chief sovereign of the Ponca | |
In office 1870–1904 | |
Preceded by | Iron Whip (1846-1870) |
Succeeded by | Horse Chief Eagle (1904-1940) |
Personal details | |
Born | 1825 Niobrara River valley, Northern Great Plains |
Died | (aged 88–89) White Eagle, Oklahoma | February 4, 1914
Resting place | Monument Hill Marland, Oklahoma 36°34′10″N 97°08′41″W / 36.56944°N 97.14472°W |
Citizenship | Ponca |
Nationality | Ponca |
Relations | |
Children | |
Parents | |
Chief White Eagle (c. 1825 - February 3, 1914) was a Native American politician and American civil rights leader who served as the hereditary chief of the Ponca from 1870 until 1904. His 34-year tenure as the Ponca head of state spanned the most consequential period of cultural and political change in their history, beginning with the unlawful Ponca Trail of Tears in 1877 and continuing through his successful effort to obtain justice for his people by utilizing the American media to wage a public relations campaign against the United States and President Rutherford B. Hayes. His advocacy against America's Indian removal policy following the Ponca Trail of Tears marked a shift in public opinion against the federal government's Indian policy[2] that ended the policy of removal,[3] placing him at the forefront of the nascent Native American civil rights movement in the second half of the 19th century.
:3
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).