Valery Chkalov (1904–1938) was a Soviet aircraft test pilot. His name was given to multiple objects in the former Soviet Union, including
- Chkalov (Tashkent Metro), a station of the Tashkent Metro, now Do'stlik
- Chkalov, Armenia, a town
- Chkalov, Kyrgyzstan, a village in Jalal-Abad Region, Kyrgyzstan
- Chkalov, Allaikhovsky District, Sakha Republic, a village in Russia
- Chkalov, Khangalassky District, Sakha Republic, a village in Russia
- Chkalov, Nyurbinsky District, Sakha Republic, a village in Russia
- Chkalov, former name of the town Buston, Sughd Region, Tajikistan
- Chkalov Island, in the Sea of Okhotsk
- Orenburg, named Chkalov from 1938 to 1957, a city in Russia and the capital of Orenburg Oblast