Chlorine dioxide

Not to be confused with the chlorite ion or dichlorine dioxide.
Chlorine dioxide
Structural formula of chlorine dioxide with assorted dimensions
Structural formula of chlorine dioxide with assorted dimensions
Spacefill model of chlorine dioxide
Spacefill model of chlorine dioxide
Names
IUPAC name
Chlorine dioxide
Other names
  • Chlorine(IV) oxide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.030.135 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 233-162-8
1265
MeSH Chlorine+dioxide
RTECS number
  • FO3000000
UNII
UN number 9191
  • InChI=1S/ClO2/c2-1-3 checkY
    Key: OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/ClO2/c2-1-3
    Key: OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYAC
  • O=[Cl]=O
  • O=Cl[O]
Properties
ClO2
Molar mass 67.45 g·mol−1
Appearance Yellow to reddish gas
Odor Acrid
Density 2.757 g dm−3[1]
Melting point −59 °C (−74 °F; 214 K)
Boiling point 11 °C (52 °F; 284 K)
8 g/L at 20 °C
Solubility Soluble in alkaline solutions and sulfuric acid
Vapor pressure >1 atm[2]
4.01×10−2 atm m3 mol−1
Acidity (pKa) 3.0(5)
Thermochemistry
257.22 J K−1 mol−1
104.60 kJ/mol
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Highly toxic, corrosive, unstable, powerful oxidizer
GHS labelling:
GHS03: OxidizingGHS05: CorrosiveGHS06: Toxic
Danger
H271, H300+H310+H330, H314, H372
P210, P220, P260, P264, P271, P280, P283, P284, P301+P310, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P306+P360, P371+P380+P375, P403+P233, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 4: Readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition at normal temperatures and pressures. E.g. nitroglycerinSpecial hazard OX: Oxidizer. E.g. potassium perchlorate
3
0
4
OX
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
94 mg/kg (oral, rat)[3]
260 ppm (rat, 2 hr)[4]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3)[2]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 0.1 ppm (0.3 mg/m3) ST 0.3 ppm (0.9 mg/m3)[2]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 5 ppm[2]
Safety data sheet (SDS) Safety Data Sheet Archive.
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Chlorine dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula ClO2 that exists as yellowish-green gas above 11 °C, a reddish-brown liquid between 11 °C and −59 °C, and as bright orange crystals below −59 °C. It is usually handled as an aqueous solution. It is commonly used as a bleach. More recent developments have extended its applications in food processing and as a disinfectant.

  1. ^ Haynes, William M. (2010). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (91 ed.). Boca Raton, Florida, USA: CRC Press. p. 4–58. ISBN 978-1-43982077-3.
  2. ^ a b c d NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0116". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  3. ^ Dobson, Stuart; Cary, Richard; International Programme on Chemical Safety (2002). Chlorine dioxide (gas). World Health Organization. p. 4. hdl:10665/42421. ISBN 978-92-4-153037-8. Retrieved August 17, 2020.
  4. ^ "Chlorine dioxide". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).