Chloroethane

Chloroethane
Skeletal formula of chloroethane
Skeletal formula of chloroethane
Skeletal formula of chloroethane with stereo bonds
Skeletal formula of chloroethane with stereo bonds
Ball-and-stick model of chloroethane
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Chloroethane
Other names
Ethyl chloride, Monochloroethane, Chlorene, Muriatic ether, EtCl, UN 1037, Hydrochloric Ether, Chelen, Kelene[1]
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.755 Edit this at Wikidata
KEGG
RTECS number
  • KH7525000
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C2H5Cl/c1-2-3/h2H2,1H3 checkY
    Key: HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/C2H5Cl/c1-2-3/h2H2,1H3
    Key: HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYAJ
  • ClCC
Properties
C2H5Cl
Molar mass 64.51 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless gas
Odor Pungent, ethereal[2]
Density 0.921 g/cm3 (0-4 °C)[3]
0.8898 g/cm3 (25 °C)
Melting point −138.7 °C (−217.7 °F; 134.5 K)
Boiling point 12.27 °C (54.09 °F; 285.42 K)
decomposes at 510 °C[4]
0.447 g/100 mL (0 °C)
0.574 g/100 mL (20 °C)[5][4]
Solubility Soluble in alcohol, ether[6]
Solubility in ethanol 48.3 g/100 g (21 °C)[4]
Vapor pressure 8.4 kPa (-40 °C)
62.3 kPa (0 °C)[7]
134.6 kPa (20 °C)[2]
11.1 L·atm/mol (24 °C)[2]
1.3676 (20 °C)
1.001 (25 °C)[2]
Viscosity 0.279 cP (10 °C)[2]
Structure
2.06 D
Thermochemistry
104.3 J/mol·K[4]
275.7 J/mol·K[4]
-137 kJ/mol[4][7]
-59.3 kJ/mol[4]
Pharmacology
N01BX01 (WHO)
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Flammable
GHS labelling:
GHS02: FlammableGHS08: Health hazard[3]
Danger
H220, H280, H351, H412[3]
P210, P273, P281, P410+P403[3]
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroformFlammability 4: Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily. Flash point below 23 °C (73 °F). E.g. propaneInstability 2: Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water. E.g. white phosphorusSpecial hazards (white): no code
2
4
2
Flash point −43 °C (−45 °F; 230 K)
open cup[5]
−50 °C (−58 °F; 223 K)
closed cup[3][6]
494 to 519 °C (921 to 966 °F; 767 to 792 K)[4][6]
Explosive limits 3.8%-15.4%[8]
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
59,701 ppm (rat, 2 hr)
54,478 ppm (mouse, 2 hr)
[9]
40,000 ppm (guinea pig, 45 min)[9]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 1000 ppm (2600 mg/m3)[8]
REL (Recommended)
 Handle with caution in the workplace.[8]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 3800 ppm[8]
Legal status
Related compounds
Related haloalkanes
 1,1-dichloroethane

1,2-dichloroethane
1,1,1-trichloroethane
1,1,2-trichloroethane
bromoethane
chloromethane

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Chloroethane, commonly known as ethyl chloride, is a chemical compound with chemical formula CH3CH2Cl, once widely used in producing tetraethyllead, a gasoline additive. It is a colorless, flammable gas or refrigerated liquid with a faintly sweet odor.[11]

Ethyl chloride was first synthesized by Basil Valentine by reacting ethanol and hydrochloric acid in 1440.[11] Glauber made it in 1648 by reacting ethanol and zinc chloride.[11]

  1. ^ Helbing, H. (1895). Modern materia medica for pharmacists, medical men, and students. USA: Lehn & Fink.
  2. ^ a b c d e CID 6337 from PubChem
  3. ^ a b c d e Sigma-Aldrich Co., Chloroethane. Retrieved on 2014-05-26.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h "Chloroethane".
  5. ^ a b "Summary of Emissions Associated with Sources of Ethyl Chloride". nepis.epa.gov. National Service Center for Environmental Publications (NSCEP). Retrieved 2014-05-26.
  6. ^ a b c "Material Safety Data Sheet" (PDF). www.mathesongas.com. Matheson Tri-Gas, Inc. Retrieved 2014-05-26.
  7. ^ a b Ethyl chloride in Linstrom, Peter J.; Mallard, William G. (eds.); NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg (MD) (retrieved 2014-05-26)
  8. ^ a b c d NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0267". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  9. ^ a b "Ethyl chloride". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  10. ^ Anvisa (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-04-04). Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
  11. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Ross was invoked but never defined (see the help page).