Chlorovirus

Chlorovirus
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Varidnaviria
Kingdom: Bamfordvirae
Phylum: Nucleocytoviricota
Class: Megaviricetes
Order: Algavirales
Family: Phycodnaviridae
Genus: Chlorovirus

Chlorovirus, also known as Chlorella virus, is a genus of giant double-stranded DNA viruses, in the family Phycodnaviridae. This genus is found globally in freshwater environments[1] where freshwater microscopic algae serve as natural hosts. There are 19 species in this genus.[2][3]

Chlorovirus was discovered in 1981 by Russel H. Meints, James L. Van Etten, Daniel Kuczmarski, Kit Lee, and Barbara Ang while attempting to culture Chlorella-like algae. During the attempted process viral particles were discovered in the cells 2 to 6 hours after being initially isolated, followed by lysis after 12 to 20 hours. This virus was initially called HVCV (Hydra viridis Chlorella virus) since it was first found to infect Chlorella-like algae.[4][5]

Though relatively new to virologists and thus not extensively studied, one species, Chlorovirus ATCV-1, commonly found in lakes, has been recently found to infect humans.[6] New studies focusing on effects of infection in mouse model are currently emerging as well.[6][7]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  3. ^ "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  4. ^ Meints, Russel H.; Van Etten, James L.; Kuczmarski, Daniel; Lee, Kit; Ang, Barbara (September 1981). "Viral infection of the symbiotic chlorella-like alga present in Hydra viridis". Virology. 113 (2): 698–703. doi:10.1016/0042-6822(81)90198-7. PMID 18635088.
  5. ^ Hoshina, Ryo; Shimizu, Mayumi; Makino, Yoichi; Haruyama, Yoshihiro; Ueda, Shin-ichiro; Kato, Yutaka; Kasahara, Masahiro; Ono, Bun-ichiro; Imamura, Nobutaka (13 September 2010). "Isolation and characterization of a virus (CvV-BW1) that infects symbiotic algae of Paramecium bursaria in Lake Biwa, Japan". Virology Journal. 7: 222. doi:10.1186/1743-422X-7-222. ISSN 1743-422X. PMC 2949830. PMID 20831832.
  6. ^ a b Yolken RH, Jones-Brando L, Dunigan DD, Kannan G, Dickerson F, Severance E, Sabunciyan S, Talbot CC, Prandovszky E, Gurnon JR, Agarkova IV, Leister F, Gressitt KL, Chen O, Deuber B, Ma F, Pletnikov MV, Van Etten JL (November 2014). "Chlorovirus ATCV-1 is part of the human oropharyngeal virome and is associated with changes in cognitive functions in humans and mice". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 111 (45): 16106–11. Bibcode:2014PNAS..11116106Y. doi:10.1073/pnas.1418895111. PMC 4234575. PMID 25349393.
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference Marilyn S 2016 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).