 | This article contains instructions, advice, or how-to content. (February 2020) |
| Choking | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Foreign body airway obstruction |
 | |
| A demonstration of abdominal thrusts on a person showing signs of choking | |
| Specialty | Emergency medicine |
| Symptoms | Gasping, wheezing, cyanosis, difficulty speaking, involuntary coughing, clutching of throat, severe respiratory distress, stridor, tachypnea |
| Complications | Atelectasis, post-obstructive pneumonia, or bronchiectasis |
| Usual onset | Minutes to days |
| Causes | Foreign body aspiration |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms, imaging, bronchoscopy |
| Treatment | Foreign body removal |
Choking, also known as foreign body airway obstruction (FBAO), is a phenomenon that occurs when breathing is impeded by a blockage inside of the respiratory tract. An obstruction that prevents oxygen from entering the lungs results in oxygen deprivation. Although oxygen stored in the blood and lungs can keep a person alive for several minutes after breathing stops,[1] choking often leads to death.
Around 4,500 to 5,000 choking-related deaths occur in the United States every year.[2][3] Deaths from choking most often occur in the very young (children under three years old) and in the elderly (adults over 75 years).[4][5] Foods that can adapt their shape to that of the pharynx (such as bananas, marshmallows, or gelatinous candies) are more dangerous.[6] Various forms of specific first aid are used to address and resolve choking.
Choking is the fourth leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States.[7][3] Many episodes go unreported because they are brief and resolve without needing medical attention.[8] Of the reported events, 80% occur in people under 15 years of age, and 20% occur in people older than 15 years of age.[7] Worldwide, choking on a foreign object resulted in 162,000 deaths (2.5 per 100,000) in 2013, compared with 140,000 deaths (2.9 per 100,000) in 1990.[9]
- ^ Ross, Darrell Lee; Chan, Theodore C (2006). Sudden Deaths in Custody. Springer. ISBN 978-1-59745-015-7.
- ^ Chillag, Shawn; Krieg, Jake; Bhargava, Ranjana (2010-02-01). "The Heimlich Maneuver: Breaking Down the Complications". Southern Medical Journal. 103 (2): 147–150. doi:10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3181c99140. ISSN 0038-4348. PMID 20065901. S2CID 19387827.
- ^ a b Duckett, Stephanie A.; Bartman, Marc; Roten, Ryan A. (2023), "Choking", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 29763116, retrieved 2023-11-08
- ^ National Safety Council. Research and Statistics Department. (2015). Injury facts (2015 ed.). Itasca, IL. ISBN 9780879123345. OCLC 910514461.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Pavitt, Matthew J.; et al. (2017). "Choking on a foreign body: a physiological study of the effectiveness of abdominal thrust maneuvers to increase thoracic pressure". Thorax. 72 (6): 576–78. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209540. PMC 5520267. PMID 28404809.
- ^ Sayadi, Roya (May 2010). Swallow Safely: How Swallowing Problems Threaten the Elderly and Others (First ed.). Natick, MA: Inside/Outside Press. pp. 46–47. ISBN 9780981960128.
- ^ a b "Injury Facts 2015 Edition" (PDF). National Safety Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 September 2017. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
- ^ Committee on Injury, Violence (2010-03-01). "Prevention of Choking Among Children". Pediatrics. 125 (3): 601–607. doi:10.1542/peds.2009-2862. ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 20176668.
- ^ GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators (17 December 2014). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–71. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442.
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