| Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction | |
|---|---|
| Other names | CIPO |
 | |
| X-ray showing distended stomach and bowel loops. Dilated bowel loops are a characteristic of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. | |
| Specialty | Gastroenterology |
| Symptoms | Abdominal pain, bloating, and distension.[1] |
| Duration | Chronic.[1] |
| Causes | Neurologic, paraneoplastic, autoimmune, metabolic/endocrine, genetic, or infectious diseases.[1] |
| Diagnostic method | Clinical features and exclusion of mechanical obstruction.[1] |
| Treatment | Dietary modification and management of symptoms.[2] |
| Frequency | 0.80 to 1.00 per 100,000.[1] |
Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is an uncommon syndrome with chronic and recurrent symptoms that suggest intestinal obstruction in the absence of any mechanical blockage of the lumen.[3] The most common symptoms of CIPO include abdominal pain, constipation, nausea, vomiting, dysphagia, and abdominal distention. CIPO can lead to malnutrition.
Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction can be caused by a variety of other disorders or it can be idiopathic. Certain genetic disorders can also cause CIPO. Mechanisms behind CIPO include abnormalities in the smooth muscle cells, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), and intrinsic and extrinsic neurons.
The diagnosis of CIPO is made based on clinical symptoms and radiographic studies. Abdominal X-rays, CT scans, endoscopies, laboratory tests, and biopsies may be used to make the diagnosis of CIPO. Treatment involves ensuring adequate nutrition and managing the symptoms of CIPO. Enteral or parenteral nutrition may be needed to maintain proper nutrition. Analgesics, antiemetics, antisecretory, antispasmodics, prokinetic agents, laxatives, or antidiarrheal medications may be used to help manage the symptoms of CIPO. The long-term prognosis for CIPO is poor. Patients often require parenteral nutrition due to their symptoms. The mortality rate for pediatric CIPO patients ranges from 10-25% before adulthood.
"Intestinal pseudo-obstruction" is a broad term that refers to any paralysis of the intestines that is not caused by a mechanical obstruction. Ogilvie syndrome is an acute form of intestinal pseudo-obstruction.[4]
- ^ a b c d e "UpToDate". UpToDate. Retrieved 2024-04-14.
- ^ "UpToDate". UpToDate. Retrieved 2024-04-14.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterologywas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cleveland Clinic medical professional (2023-03-08). "What Is Ogilvie Syndrome (Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction)?". Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved 2024-04-15.