| Chrysolina | |
|---|---|
| |
| Chrysolina polita | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Superfamily: | Chrysomeloidea |
| Family: | Chrysomelidae |
| Subfamily: | Chrysomelinae |
| Tribe: | Chrysomelini |
| Genus: | Chrysolina Motschulsky, 1860 |
| Type species | |
| Chrysomela staphylea | |
| Subgenera[1] | |
| |
| Diversity | |
| at least 130 species | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
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Chrysolina is a large genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Chrysomelinae. Most species are distributed in Europe, Asia and Africa with a small number of species inhabiting North America (including introduced European ones) and introduced species in Australia.[3]
The species Chrysolina cerealis and C. graminis are protected in the United Kingdom. All species of Chrysolina are phytophagous, feeding on specific food plants, and some of them have been used for biological control of weeds. To control Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort), C. hyperici was successfully naturalized in Australia in the 1930s[4][5] and several species, especially C. quadrigemina, were introduced to California in the late 1940s.[5][6][7][8][9]
- ^ Bieńkowski, A.O. (2019). Chrysolina of the world – 2019 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Taxonomic review. Livny: Mukhametov G.V. Publ. ISBN 978-5-904246-82-2.
- ^ IRMNG (2018). Chrysolina Motschoulsky in Schrenck, 1860. Accessed at: http://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1419344 on 2019-01-18
- ^ Bieńkowski, Andrzej O. (2001). "A study on the genus Chrysolina MOTSCHULSKY, 1860, with a checklist of all the described subgenera, species, subspecies, and synonyms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae)" (PDF). Genus - International Journal of Invertebrate Taxonomy. 12: 105–235. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2017-01-24.
- ^ W. T. Parsons, E. G. Cuthbertson. Noxious Weeds of Australia. 2nd ed. Collingwood: CSIRO Publishing, 2001. ISBN 0-643-06514-8. P. 389.
- ^ a b Wilfred William Robbins, Alden Springer Crafts. Weed Control: A Textbook and Manual. N.Y.: McGraw-Hill, 1962. P. 137, 155, 162.
- ^ Huffaker, C. B. and C. E. Kennett (1959). A ten-year study of vegetation change associated with biological control of Klamath weed. Journal of Range Management 12: 69-82.
- ^ Peter Jay Morin. Community Ecology. Oxford: Blackwell, 1999. ISBN 0-86542-350-4. P. 106-107.
- ^ Gilbert Waldbauer. What Good are Bugs?: Insects in the Web of Life. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-674-01027-2. P. 158.
- ^ Richard E. White. A Field Guide to the Beetles of North America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1983. ISBN 0-395-91089-7. P. 296.