Clobazam

Clobazam
Clinical data
Trade names	Frisium, Urbanol, Onfi, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a612008
License data	US DailyMed: Clobazam;
Pregnancy; category	AU: C; ;
Routes of; administration	By mouth
Drug class	Benzodiazepine
ATC code	N05BA09 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only); BR: Class B1 (Psychoactive drugs); CA: Schedule IV; DE: Prescription only (Anlage III for higher doses); NZ: Class C; UK: Class C; US: WARNINGSchedule IV; In general: ℞ (Prescription only);
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	87% (oral)
Protein binding	80–90%
Metabolism	Liver
Metabolites	N-desmethylclobazam; 4′-hydroxyclobazam; ;
Onset of action	0.5–4 hours
Elimination half-life	clobazam: 36–42 hours; N-desmethylclobazam: 59–82 hours; ;
Excretion	Kidney (82%); Feces (11%); ;
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4-dione;
CAS Number	22316-47-8 ;
PubChem CID	2789;
IUPHAR/BPS	7149;
DrugBank	DB00349 ;
ChemSpider	2687 ;
UNII	2MRO291B4U;
KEGG	D01253 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:31413 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL70418 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID2046759 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.040.810
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C16H13ClN2O2
Molar mass	300.74 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES ClC1=CC(N(C2=CC=CC=C2)C(CC(N3C)=O)=O)=C3C=C1;
	InChI InChI=1S/C16H13ClN2O2/c1-18-13-8-7-11(17)9-14(13)19(16(21)10-15(18)20)12-5-3-2-4-6-12/h2-9H,10H2,1H3 ; Key:CXOXHMZGEKVPMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	(verify)

Clobazam, sold under the brand names Frisium, Onfi and others, is a benzodiazepine class medication that was patented in 1968.^[3] Clobazam was first synthesized in 1966 and first published in 1969. Clobazam was originally marketed as an anxioselective anxiolytic since 1970,^[4]^[5] and an anticonvulsant since 1984.^[6] The primary drug-development goal was to provide greater anxiolytic, anti-obsessive efficacy with fewer benzodiazepine-related side effects.^[4]

^ "FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)". nctr-crs.fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
^ Anvisa (31 March 2023). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 4 April 2023). Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 16 August 2023.
^ "Clobazam (T3D4564)". Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB.
^ ^a ^b Humayun MJ, Samanta D, Carson RP (2020). "Clobazam". StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID 31082087.
^ Freche C (April 1975). "[Study of an anxiolytic, clobazam, in otorhinolaryngology in psychosomatic pharyngeal manifestations]". Semaine des Hopitaux. Therapeutique. 51 (4): 261–3. PMID 5777.
^ "Clobazam in treatment of refractory epilepsy: the Canadian experience. A retrospective study. Canadian Clobazam Cooperative Group". Epilepsia. 32 (3): 407–16. 1991. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1991.tb04670.x. PMID 2044502. S2CID 24420211.

[FDA-AllBoxedWarnings-1] "FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)". nctr-crs.fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved 22 October 2023.

[2] Anvisa (31 March 2023). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 4 April 2023). Archived from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 16 August 2023.

[3TDB_2014-3] "Clobazam (T3D4564)". Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB.

[Humayun_2019-4] Humayun MJ, Samanta D, Carson RP (2020). "Clobazam". StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID 31082087.

[Freche_1975-5] Freche C (April 1975). "[Study of an anxiolytic, clobazam, in otorhinolaryngology in psychosomatic pharyngeal manifestations]". Semaine des Hopitaux. Therapeutique. 51 (4): 261–3. PMID 5777.

[Anon_1984-6] "Clobazam in treatment of refractory epilepsy: the Canadian experience. A retrospective study. Canadian Clobazam Cooperative Group". Epilepsia. 32 (3): 407–16. 1991. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1991.tb04670.x. PMID 2044502. S2CID 24420211.

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