Clotilde-Camille Deflandre (November 21, 1871 – June 7, 1946) was a French scientist primarily known for her discovery with her mentor Paul Carnot of Hémopoïétine" (erythropoietin). She also pioneered work that led to the development of organ transplantation. She was the first woman in France to receive both a "docteur en médicine” (doctorate in medicine) and a docteur ès naturel sciences (doctorate in natural sciences).[1]