Coagulation (water treatment)

In water treatment, coagulation and flocculation involve the addition of compounds that promote the clumping of fine floc into larger floc so that they can be more easily separated from the water. Coagulation is a chemical process that involves neutralization of charge whereas flocculation is a physical process and does not involve neutralization of charge. The coagulation-flocculation process can be used as a preliminary or intermediary step between other water or wastewater treatment processes like filtration and sedimentation. Iron and aluminium salts are the most widely used coagulants but salts of other metals such as titanium and zirconium have been found to be highly effective as well.^[1]^[2]

^ Jiang, Jia-Qian (2015-05-01). "The role of coagulation in water treatment". Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering. 8: 36–44. doi:10.1016/j.coche.2015.01.008.
^ Chekli, L.; Eripret, C.; Park, S. H.; Tabatabai, S. A. A.; Vronska, O.; Tamburic, B.; Kim, J. H.; Shon, H. K. (2017-03-24). "Coagulation performance and floc characteristics of polytitanium tetrachloride (PTC) compared with titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and ferric chloride (FeCl3) in algal turbid water". Separation and Purification Technology. 175: 99–106. doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2016.11.019. hdl:10453/67246.

[:02-1] Jiang, Jia-Qian (2015-05-01). "The role of coagulation in water treatment". Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering. 8: 36–44. doi:10.1016/j.coche.2015.01.008.

[2] Chekli, L.; Eripret, C.; Park, S. H.; Tabatabai, S. A. A.; Vronska, O.; Tamburic, B.; Kim, J. H.; Shon, H. K. (2017-03-24). "Coagulation performance and floc characteristics of polytitanium tetrachloride (PTC) compared with titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and ferric chloride (FeCl3) in algal turbid water". Separation and Purification Technology. 175: 99–106. doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2016.11.019. hdl:10453/67246.

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