| Ladybird, ladybug, lady beetle Temporal range:
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|---|---|
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| Coccinella septempunctata | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Infraorder: | Cucujiformia |
| Superfamily: | Coccinelloidea |
| Family: | Coccinellidae Latreille, 1807[1] |
| Subfamilies[1] | |
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(traditional, but see below):
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| Synonyms | |
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Coccinellidae (/ˌkɒksɪˈnɛlɪdiː/)[3] is a widespread family of small beetles. They are commonly known as ladybugs in North America and ladybirds in the United Kingdom; "lady" refers to mother Mary. Entomologists use the names ladybird beetles or lady beetles to avoid confusion with true bugs. The more than 6,000 described species have a global distribution and are found in a variety of habitats. They are oval beetles with a domed back and flat underside. Many of the species have conspicuous aposematic (warning) colours and patterns, such as red with black spots, that warn potential predators that they taste bad.
Most coccinellid species are carnivorous predators, preying on insects such as aphids and scale insects. Other species are known to consume non-animal matter, including plants and fungi. They are promiscuous breeders, reproducing in spring and summer in temperate regions and during the wet season in tropical regions. Many predatory species lay their eggs near colonies of prey, providing their larvae with a food source. Like most insects, they develop from larva to pupa to adult. Temperate species hibernate and diapause during the winter; tropical species are dormant during the dry season. Coccinellids migrate between dormancy and breeding sites.
Species that prey on agricultural pests are considered beneficial insects. Several species have been introduced outside their range as biological control agents, with varying degrees of success. Some species are pests themselves and attack agricultural crops, or can infest people's homes, particularly in winter. Invasive species like Harmonia axyridis can pose an ecological threat to native coccinellid species. Other threats to coccinellids include climate change and habitat destruction. These insects have played roles in folklore, religion and poetry, and are particularly popular in nursery rhymes.
- ^ a b "Coccinellidae Latreille, 1807". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
- ^ "Wikispecies: Microweiseinae". 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
- ^ "coccinellid". The New Oxford Dictionary of English. Clarendon Press. 1998. p. 351. ISBN 0-19-861263-X.
coccinellid /,kɒksɪ'nɛlɪd/ noun a beetle of a family (coccinelidae) that includes the ladybirds