Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union)

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Communist Party of Ukraine
Ukrainian name	Комуністична Партія України
Russian name	Коммунистическая партия Украины
First Secretary	Stanislav Hurenko (last)
Founder	Vladimir Lenin[1]
Founded	17 July 1918 (1918-07-17)
Banned	30 August 1991; 33 years ago (1991-08-30)
Preceded by	Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks) – Social-Democracy of Ukraine
Succeeded by	Socialist Party of Ukraine Communist Party of Ukraine (1993) Party of Democratic Revival of Ukraine (all banned)
Headquarters	Building 11 Ordzhonikidze Street, Lypky, Kyiv
Newspaper	Pravda Ukrainy (in Russian) Radyanska Ukrayina (in Ukrainian)
Youth wing	Komsomol of Ukraine Young Pioneers
Ideology	Communism Marxism–Leninism (Soviet)
National affiliation	Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Colours	Red
Slogan	"Workers of the world, unite!"
Anthem	The Internationale
Party flag
Politics of Ukraine Political parties Elections

Politics of Ukraine
Constitution President Supreme Soviet Administrative divisions
Government People's Secretariat (1918) Insurgent Bureau Provisional Worker–Peasant Government (1918–19) Council of People's Commissars (1919–46) Revolutionary Committee (1919–20) Council of Ministers (1946–91)
Elections Presidential: 1991 Parliamentary: 1990 Referendums: 1991 (March), 1991 (December)
Other countries
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The Communist Party of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Комуністична Партія України, romanized: Komunistychna Partiya Ukrayiny, КПУ, KPU; Russian: Коммунистическая партия Украины, romanized: Kommunisticheskaya partiya Ukrainy) was the founding and ruling political party of the Ukrainian SSR operated as a republican branch (union republics) of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU).^[2]

Founded as the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine (CP(b)U) in 1918 in Moscow, Russian SFSR, it was the sole governing party in Ukraine during its time in Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union. While the anti-Bolshevik Ukrainian People's Republic had its own political parties of socialist ideologies, the Communist Party of Ukraine was created out of the party of Russian Bolsheviks in Ukraine known as the RSDRP(b) – Social-Democracy of Ukraine. The party was denied the right to have a separate party statute and was governed by the statute of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In 1952, the party was renamed as the Communist Party of Ukraine.

Like all other CPSU republican branches, the CPU was committed, in accordance to the CPSU party statute,^[2] to adherence to Marxist–Leninist ideology^[2] based on the writings of Vladimir Lenin and Karl Marx, and formalized under Joseph Stalin. The party had pursued state socialism,^[2] under which all industries were nationalized and a command economy was introduced. Prior to the adoption of central planning in 1929, Lenin had introduced a mixed economy, commonly referred to as the New Economic Policy, in the 1920s, which allowed to introduce certain capitalist elements in the Soviet economy after the disastrous experience of war communism. This lasted until 26 August 1991, when the Verkhovna Rada (Ukrainian parliament) suspended^[3] and on 30 August 1991 prohibited the Communist Party of Ukraine based on the fact that "the leadership of the Communist Party of Ukraine in its actions supported the coup d'état" [in Moscow].^[4][5] From the parliamentary faction of the Communist Party, following its 1991 prohibition, the Socialist Party of Ukraine was created.

Due to efforts of some other communist cells across Ukraine that did not join the Socialist Party, the Communist Party of Ukraine was re-established in 1993 in Russian-speaking Donetsk as a communist political party of independent Ukraine, while joining the Union of Communist Parties – Communist Party of the Soviet Union from Moscow. Some members who joined the Socialist Party, joined the new political entity after its re-establishment, among whom the most notable was Adam Martyniuk. Following sanctions against the party in 1991, the party fell apart in a similar way to its parent organization (the Communist Party of the Soviet Union), having members of such main deviations like Democratic Platform and Interregional Deputy group reorganized into separate political entities. The ban lasted until 2001 and in May 2002, the older party was merged into the 1993 CPU.^[6][7] Following the 2014 Revolution of Dignity, all communist parties on the territory of Ukraine were outlawed and banned, with the ideology criminalized.^[8]