Condottieri (Italian: [kondotˈtjɛːri]; sg.: condottiero or condottiere) were Italian military leaders during the Middle Ages and the early modern period. The definition originally applied only to commanders of mercenary companies, condottiero in medieval Italian meaning 'contractor' and condotta being the contract by which the condottieri put themselves in the service of a city or lord. The term, however, came to refer to all the famed Italian military leaders of the Renaissance, Reformation and Counter-Reformation eras. Notable condottieri include Prospero Colonna, Giovanni dalle Bande Nere, Cesare Borgia, the Marquis of Pescara, Andrea Doria, and the Duke of Parma. They served Popes and other European monarchs and states during the Italian Wars and the European wars of religion.[1][2][3]
- ^ Tomassini, Luciano; storico, Italy Esercito Corpo di stato maggiore Ufficio (1978). Raimondo Montecuccoli: capitano e scrittore (in Italian). Stato Maggiore dell'esercito, Ufficio storico.
- ^ Pronti, Stefano; civici, Piacenza (Italy) Musei (1995). Alessandro Farnese: condottiero e duca (1545–1592) (in Italian). TipLeCo.
- ^ Lenman, B., Anderson, T. Chambers Dictionary of World History, p. 200