Os Confederados | |
|---|---|
 Os Confederados at Festa Confederada | |
| Total population | |
| Thousands of descendants across Brazil[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Americana · Santa Bárbara d'Oeste | |
| Languages | |
| English (Southern American English) · Portuguese | |
| Religion | |
| Protestantism · Irreligion | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| White Southerners and Black Southerners |
Confederados (Portuguese pronunciation: [kõfedeˈɾadus]) is the Brazilian name for Confederate expatriates, all white Southerners (along with their Black slaves), who fled the Southern United States during Reconstruction, and their Brazilian descendants. They were enticed to Brazil by offers of cheap land from Emperor Dom Pedro II, who had hoped to gain expertise in cotton farming. The regime in Brazil had a number of features that attracted the Confederados, among these political decentralization, and a relatively high commitment to free trade. The continuing legality of slavery (until 1888) was another factor, though few Confederados actually acquired slaves in Brazil.[2]
It is estimated that up to 20,000 American Confederates immigrated to the Empire of Brazil from the Southern United States after the American Civil War. Initially, most settled in the current state of São Paulo, where they founded the city of Americana, which was once part of the neighboring city of Santa Bárbara d'Oeste. The descendants of other Confederados would later be found throughout Brazil.
The center of Confederado culture is the Campo Cemetery in Santa Bárbara d'Oeste, where most of the original Confederados from the region were buried. Because of their Protestant religion, they could not be buried in a Catholic cemetery, so they created their own cemetery, the first non-Catholic, non-indigenous cemetery in Brazil. The Confederado community has also established a Museum of Immigration at Santa Bárbara d'Oeste to present the history of Brazilian immigration and highlight its benefits to the nation.
The descendants still foster a connection with their history through the Fraternity of American Descendants, an organization dedicated to preserving the unique mixed culture. Os Confederados also have an annual festival, called the Festa Confederada, which is used to fund the Campo Cemetery. The festival is marked by Confederate flags, traditional dress of Confederate uniforms and hoop skirts, food of the American South with a Brazilian flair, and dances and music popular in the American South during the Antebellum period.
Although the amount of Confederado descendants living in Brazil today is difficult to estimate, in 2016 they were believed to number in the thousands.[3]
- ^ Romero, Simon (May 8, 2016). "A Slice of the Confederacy in the Interior of Brazil". The New York Times.
- ^ Dean, Aaron Sheehan, ed. (2019). The Cambridge History of the American Civil War: Volume II: Affairs of the State. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 327. ISBN 9781107154537.
- ^ Romero, Simon (May 8, 2016). "A Slice of the Confederacy in the Interior of Brazil". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 1, 2024.