CoronaVac

CoronaVac
An empty vial of the CoronaVac vaccine
Vaccine description
TargetSARS-CoV-2
Vaccine typeInactivated
Clinical data
Trade namesCoronaVac
Other namesPiCoVacc
Routes of
administration		Intramuscular
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
CAS Number
DrugBank
UNII
Part of a series on the
COVID-19 pandemic
Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. Each "ball" is an atom.
Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. Each "ball" is an atom.
Timeline
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Locations
By country and territory
By conveyance
International response
National responses
Medical response
Vaccines
Current vaccines
Variants
Variants of concern
Other variants
Economic impact and recession
By country
By sport
Impacts
Long COVID
Society
Politics
virus icon COVID-19 portal

CoronaVac, also known as the Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine,[4] was a whole inactivated virus COVID-19 vaccine developed by the Chinese company Sinovac Biotech.[5][6] It was phase III clinically trialled in Brazil,[7] Chile,[8] Indonesia,[9] the Philippines,[10] and Turkey[11] and relies on traditional technology similar to other inactivated-virus COVID-19 vaccines, such as the Sinopharm BIBP vaccine, another Chinese vaccine, and Covaxin, an Indian vaccine.[12] CoronaVac does not need to be frozen, and both the final product and the raw material for formulating CoronaVac can be transported refrigerated at 2–8 °C (36–46 °F), the temperatures at which flu vaccines are kept.[13]

A real-world study of tens of millions of Chileans who received CoronaVac found it to be 66% effective against symptomatic COVID-19, 88% effective against hospitalization, 90% effective against ICU admissions, and 86% effective against deaths.[14] In Brazil, after 75% of the population in Serrana, São Paulo, received CoronaVac, preliminary results show deaths fell by 95%, hospitalizations by 86%, and symptomatic cases by 80%.[15][16] In Indonesia, real-world data from 128,290 healthcare workers showed 94% protection against symptomatic infection by the vaccine, beating results in clinical trials.[17]

Phase III results from Turkey, published in The Lancet, showed an efficacy of 84% based on 10,218 participants in the trials.[18][19] Phase III results from Brazil previously showed 50.7% efficacy in preventing symptomatic infections and 83.7% effectiveness in preventing mild cases needing treatment. Efficacy against symptomatic infections increased to 62.3% with an interval of at least 21 days between the doses.[20]

CoronaVac is being used in vaccination campaigns in various countries in Asia,[21][22][23] South America,[24][25][26] Central America,[27][28][29] and Eastern Europe.[30][31][32] By April 2021, Sinovac had a production capacity of 2 billion doses per year.[33] It was manufactured at several facilities in China,[33] with overseas manufacture planned for Brazil in September 2021[34] and eventually Egypt[35] and Hungary.[36]

On 1 June 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) validated the vaccine for emergency use.[37][38] Sinovac has signed purchase agreements for 380 million doses from COVAX.[39] As of July 2021, CoronaVac was the most widely used COVID-19 vaccine in the world, with 943 million doses delivered.[40]

As of 14 October 2021, CoronaVac is the COVID-19 vaccine with the most doses administered worldwide.[41]

It was reported in December 2021 that a study jointly conducted by the LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong (HKUMed), and the Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CU Medicine), showed that a third dose of the Comirnaty vaccine given to those who received two doses of either Comirnaty or CoronaVac provided protective levels of measured antibodies against the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. Three doses of CoronaVac, however, did not provide adequate levels of protective antibodies by the same measure,[42] in direct contradiction to claims made by the vaccine manufacturer.[43][44]

In October 2022, a Hong Kong study found that two doses of CoronaVac provided protection of only 64% to 75% for older adults. However, an extra booster or a third dose of CoronaVac was able to raise the level of protection against COVID-19 to about 98%.[45]

In January 2024, Sinovac confirmed that it had discontinued production of CoronaVac.[46]

  1. ^ McGeever J, Fonseca P (17 January 2021). "Brazil clears emergency use of Sinovac, AstraZeneca vaccines, shots begin". Reuters. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  2. ^ "Anvisa aprova por unanimidade uso emergencial das vacinas" [Anvisa unanimously approves the emergency use of vaccines] (in Portuguese). Federal government of Brazil. 17 January 2021. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  3. ^ "Patent Landscape Report COVID-19-related vaccines and therapeutics" (PDF).
  4. ^ Corum J, Zimmer C (24 December 2020). "How the Sinovac Vaccine Works". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  5. ^ Hotez PJ, Bottazzi ME (January 2022). "Whole Inactivated Virus and Protein-Based COVID-19 Vaccines". Annual Review of Medicine. 73 (1): 55–64. doi:10.1146/annurev-med-042420-113212. PMID 34637324. S2CID 238747462.
  6. ^ Parekh N (22 July 2020). "CoronaVac: A COVID-19 Vaccine Made From Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Virus". Retrieved 25 July 2020.
  7. ^ "New coronavirus vaccine trials start in Brazil". AP News. 21 July 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference Chile was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference 248 volunteers was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ "DOH eyes 5 hospitals for Sinovac vaccine Phase 3 clinical trial". PTV News. 16 September 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  11. ^ "Turkey begins phase three trials of Chinese Covid-19 vaccine". TRT World News. 1 September 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference tech was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference nine flights was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ Jara A, Undurraga EA, González C, Paredes F, Fontecilla T, Jara G, et al. (September 2021). "Effectiveness of an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Chile". The New England Journal of Medicine. 385 (10): 875–884. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2107715. PMC 8279092. PMID 34233097.
  15. ^ Savarese M (1 June 2021). "Sinovac vaccine restores a Brazilian city to near normal". CTV News. Archived from the original on 1 June 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
  16. ^ Pearson S (31 May 2021). "Brazil's Experiment to Vaccinate Town With Chinese CoronaVac Reduced Covid-19 Deaths by 95%". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
  17. ^ "China Sinovac Shot Seen Highly Effective in Real World Study". MSN. 12 May 2021. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
  18. ^ Cite error: The named reference S0140-6736(21)01429-X was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  19. ^ Evidence Assessment: Sinovac/CoronaVac COVID-19 vaccine (PDF) (Presentation). World Health Organization. 29 April 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  20. ^ Costa A (11 April 2021). "Estudo clínico que comprova maior eficácia da Coronavac é enviado para Lancet" [Clinical study proving greater efficacy of Coronavac is submitted to The Lancet]. CNN Brasil (in Portuguese). São Paulo. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  21. ^ Tarigan E, Milko V (13 January 2021). "Indonesia starts mass COVID vaccinations over vast territory". Associated Press. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  22. ^ "Thailand Kicks Off Covid-19 Vaccine Program With Sinovac Shots". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
  23. ^ "China approves Sinovac vaccines for general public use". South China Morning Post. 6 February 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
  24. ^ Cite error: The named reference :22 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  25. ^ Miranda NA (28 January 2021). "Chile receives two million-dose first delivery of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine". Reuters. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  26. ^ Cite error: The named reference :16 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  27. ^ "Venustiano Carranza next up for Covid vaccination in Mexico City". Mexico News Daily. 15 March 2021. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
  28. ^ Cite error: The named reference :17 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  29. ^ Cite error: The named reference :20 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  30. ^ "Turkey aims to vaccinate 60 percent of population: Minister – Turkey News". Hürriyet Daily News. 11 February 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
  31. ^ "Vaccination with CoronaVac launched in Ukraine on April 13 – Health minister". www.unian.info. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  32. ^ Semini L. "Albania starts mass COVID vaccinations before tourist season". ABC News. Archived from the original on 28 March 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
  33. ^ a b Liu R (2 April 2021). "China Sinovac says it reached two billion doses annual capacity for COVID-19 vaccine". Reuters. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  34. ^ Cite error: The named reference :14 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  35. ^ "Egypt to produce up to 80 million Sinovac vaccine doses annually". Arab News. 8 April 2021. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  36. ^ "UPDATE 2-Hungarian vaccine plant to be fitted for production of Chinese Sinopharm shots -minister". Reuters. 31 May 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  37. ^ Nebehay S (1 June 2021). "WHO approves Sinovac COVID vaccine, the second Chinese-made dose listed". Reuters. Geneva. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
  38. ^ "WHO recommendation Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine (Vero Cell [Inactivated]) – CoronaVac". World Health Organization (WHO). 1 May 2021. Archived from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
  39. ^ "Chinese drugmakers agree to supply more than half a billion vaccines to COVAX". Reuters. 12 July 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
  40. ^ "Sinovac is world's most used vaccine, but how good is its Delta protection?". South China Morning Post. 8 July 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
  41. ^ Cite error: The named reference nature-waning-immunity was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  42. ^ http://www.hku.hk: HKUMed-CU Medicine joint study finds that third dose of Comirnaty has better protection from COVID-19 variant Omicron
  43. ^ "Two Sinovac shots not enough for omicron, but 3rd shows effect". Nikkei Asia. 16 December 2021. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
  44. ^ "FactWire: Sinovac limits Hong Kong's protection against infection from Omicron, analysis suggests". 26 February 2022.
  45. ^ Doucleff M (30 December 2022). "China's COVID vaccines: Do the jabs do the job?". NPR. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
  46. ^ "科興新冠疫苗已停產 官方確認消息". Ming Pao. 11 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.