| Crossback stingaree | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Chondrichthyes |
| Subclass: | Elasmobranchii |
| Order: | Myliobatiformes |
| Family: | Urolophidae |
| Genus: | Urolophus |
| Species: | U. cruciatus
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| Binomial name | |
| Urolophus cruciatus (Lacépède, 1804)
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| Range of the crossback stingaree[2] | |
| Synonyms | |
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Raja cruciata Lacepède, 1804
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The crossback stingaree or banded stingaree (Urolophus cruciatus) is a species of stingray in the family Urolophidae. It is endemic to southeastern Australia, mainly off Victoria and Tasmania but also marginally to New South Wales and South Australia. This bottom-dwelling fish generally inhabits sand and reef habitats deeper than 100 m (330 ft) off Victoria, and muddy habitats in shallow bays and estuaries off Tasmania. Befitting its name, the crossback stingaree has a distinctive dark pattern on its back, consisting of a midline stripe that is crossed by three transverse bars. It has an oval pectoral fin disc with a blunt snout and a skirt-shaped curtain of skin between the nostrils. Its tail is short with no skin fold along the sides, and a deep, leaf-shaped caudal fin. The youngest rays may have a small dorsal fin in front of the stinging tail spine. This species reaches 50 cm (20 in) in length.
During the day the crossback stingaree is usually inactive and can be found partially or completely buried in sand on the sea floor.[3] It is a carnivore and adults forage for crustaceans, polychaete worms and other small invertebrates on the seafloor.[3] Juveniles feed on smaller crustaceans such as isopods, amphipods and shrimps.
The species is aplacental viviparous, with the developing embryos sustained to term by histotroph ("uterine milk") produced by the mother. Females bear litters of up to four pups every other year, after a gestation period of at least six months. This species is closely related to, and may hybridize with, the yellowback stingaree (U. sufflavus). The venomous sting of the crossback stingaree is potentially injurious to humans. This common species is seldom caught by commercial fisheries other than in the northernmost extent of its range. Thus, its population is largely secure and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has listed it under Least Concern.
- ^ Kyne, P.M.; Treloar, M.A. (2019). "Urolophus cruciatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T60090A68649223. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T60090A68649223.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
- ^ Last, P.R.; J.D. Stevens (2009). Sharks and Rays of Australia (second ed.). Harvard University Press. p. 412–413. ISBN 978-0-674-03411-2.
- ^ a b Bray, Dianne. "Banded Stingaree, Urolophus cruciatus". Fishes of Australia. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 30 September 2014.