Cryoseism

"ice quake" redirects here. For the 2010 film, see Ice Quake (film). For the 2010 novel, see Ice Quake (novel).

A cryoseism, ice quake or frost quake,[1][2][3][4] is a seismic event caused by a sudden cracking action in frozen soil or rock saturated with water or ice,[5] or by stresses generated at frozen lakes.[6] As water drains into the ground, it may eventually freeze and expand under colder temperatures, putting stress on its surroundings. This stress builds up until relieved explosively in the form of a cryoseism.[1][7] The requirements for a cryoseism to occur are numerous;[1][2] therefore, accurate predictions are not entirely possible and may constitute a factor in structural design and engineering when constructing in an area historically known for such events.[5] Speculation has been made between global warming and the frequency of cryoseisms.[8]

  1. ^ a b c Battaglia, Steven M.; Changnon, David (2016-01-02). "Frost Quakes: Forecasting the Unanticipated Clatter". Weatherwise. 69 (1): 20–27. Bibcode:2016Weawi..69a..20B. doi:10.1080/00431672.2015.1109984. ISSN 0043-1672. S2CID 194149546.
  2. ^ a b Leung, Andrew C. W.; Gough, William A.; Shi, Yehong (2017), Leitner, Michael; Jokar Arsanjani, Jamal (eds.), "Identifying Frostquakes in Central Canada and Neighbouring Regions in the United States with Social Media", Citizen Empowered Mapping, vol. 18, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 201–222, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-51629-5_9, ISBN 978-3-319-51628-8, retrieved 2024-01-19
  3. ^ "Milwaukee Area Frostquakes". University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. 1994-02-24. Archived from the original on 2007-01-04. Retrieved 2006-10-22.
  4. ^ "Cryoseisms in Maine". Maine Geological Survey. 2005-10-06. Archived from the original on 2018-04-26. Retrieved 2006-10-21.
  5. ^ a b Lacroix, Andrew V. (January 1980). "A Short Note on Cryoseisms". Seismological Research Letters. 51 (1): 15–21. Bibcode:1980SeiRL..51a..15L. doi:10.1785/gssrl.51.1.15. Archived from the original on 2007-01-04. Retrieved 2006-10-21.
  6. ^ Kavanaugh, Jeffrey; Schultz, Ryan; Andriashek, Laurence D.; van der Baan, Mirko; Ghofrani, Hadi; Atkinson, Gail; Utting, Daniel J. (2019). "A New Year's Day icebreaker: icequakes on lakes in Alberta, Canada". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 56 (2): 183–200. Bibcode:2019CaJES..56..183K. doi:10.1139/cjes-2018-0196. hdl:1807/93572. ISSN 0008-4077.
  7. ^ Thurlow, Dave. "Cryoseisms Explained". The Weather Notebook. Mount Washington Observatory. Archived from the original on 2005-11-24. Retrieved 2006-10-21.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference pdf was invoked but never defined (see the help page).