Cubans

Cubans
Cubanos

Map of the Cuban Diaspora in the world
Total population
Cubans: ~13.8 million (2024) Diaspora: ~3.8 million
Regions with significant populations
Cuba 10,055,968 (2023)[1][2][3]
United States	2,568,036 (2023)[4] [5]
Spain	198,639 (2022)[6]
Brazil	50,355 (2024)[7]
Mexico	25,976 (2020) **
Uruguay	24,485 (2020)[5]
Italy	23,531 (2023) **
Canada	19,545 (2021)[8][9]
Chile	19,068 (2022)
Venezuela	10,769 (2020)[10]
Ecuador	10,768 (2022)[11][10]
Germany	9,185 (2022)[12]
Puerto Rico	8,891 (2023)[13]
Costa Rica	6,908 (2020)[10]
France	5,466 (2020)[10]
Switzerland	3,574 (2020)[10]
Dominican Republic	3,402 (2020)[10]
Peru	3,170 (2020)[10]
Sweden	2,992 (2020)[10]
Colombia	2,534 (2020)[10]
Trinidad and Tobago	2,412 (2020)[10]
United Kingdom	2,333 (2020)[10] [14][15][16]
Russia	2,224 (2020)[10]
Panama	2,194 (2020)[10]
Australia	1.021 (2023)[10]
Bolivia	1,971 (2020)[10]
Belgium	1,926 (2020)[10]
Portugal	1,858 (2020)[10]
South Africa	1,846 (2020)[10]
Jamaica	1,825 (2020)[10]
Guinea	1,714 (2020)[10]
Netherlands	1,501 (2020)[10]
Haiti	1,185 (2020)[10]
Argentina	1,116 (2020)[10] [17][18]
Languages
Cuban Spanish, Lucumí, English (Miami accent), Spanglish, Cubonics
Religion
Majority: Roman Catholicism[19] Minority: Irreligion, Protestantism, Santería, Ifá, Palo, Judaism, Islam[20]
Related ethnic groups
Criollos · Puerto Ricans · Floridanos · Taíno · Mulatto · Spaniards · Africans · Chinese people  · Canarians  · Catalans  · Galicians · Andalusians · Portuguese people · French people · Jews · Arabs · Mestizo • Tahitians

Cubans (Spanish: Cubanos) are the citizens and nationals of Cuba. The Cuban people have varied origins with the most spoken language being Spanish. The larger Cuban diaspora includes individuals that trace ancestry to Cuba and self-identify as Cuban but are not necessarily Cuban by citizenship. The United States has the largest Cuban population in the world after Cuba.

The modern nation of Cuba, located in the Caribbean, emerged as an independent country following the Spanish-American War of 1898, which led to the end of Spanish colonial rule. The subsequent period of American influence, culminating in the formal independence of Cuba in 1902, initiated a complex process of national identity formation. This identity is characterized by a blend of Indigenous Taíno, African, and Spanish cultural elements, reflecting a unique multicultural heritage. The Cuban Revolution of 1959, which brought Fidel Castro to power, marked a significant turning point as it transformed the political landscape, reinforced a sense of national identity centered around revolutionary and socialist ideals and led to the continuing Cuban Exodus, thus establishing the Cuban Diaspora.