Cystinuria

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Cystinuria
Other names	Cystinuria-lysinuria[1]
These cystine crystals were found in the urine sediment of a male dog who presented to the veterinary hospital with a history of chronic stranguria (straining to urinate) and pollakiuria (abnormally increased frequency of urination). A cystotomy was performed and numerous cystoliths (bladder stones) were removed. 5μm scale bar; 1,000x magnification; focus-stacked image consisting of 12 exposures; courtesy of Lance Wheeler.
Specialty	Endocrinology

Cystinuria is an inherited autosomal recessive disease^[1] characterized by high concentrations of the amino acid cystine in the urine, leading to the formation of cystine stones in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. It is a type of aminoaciduria. "Cystine", not "cysteine," is implicated in this disease; the former is a dimer of the latter.