Dancheong

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Dancheong
A dancheong in Seoul
Korean name
Hangul	단청
Hanja	丹靑
Revised Romanization	dancheong
McCune–Reischauer	tanch'ŏng

Dancheong (Korean: 단청) refers to Korean decorative colouring on wooden buildings and artifacts for the purpose of style.^[1] It is an adaptation of the Chinese practice danqing. It literally means "cinnabar and blue-green",^[2] and is sometimes translated as "red and blue" in English.^[3][4][5] Along with its decorations and the choice of paint colours, Dancheong carries various symbolic meanings.^[6][7] It is based on five basic colours; blue (east), white (west), red (south), black (north), and yellow (center).^[8][9][10] The use of those five colours reflected the use of the yin and yang principle^[3] and the philosophy of the five elements.^[11]

The Dancheong is usually used in important places, such as temples and palaces, and can even be found on the eaves of temple's roofs with patterns of animals (e.g. dragons, lions, cranes).^[1] Dancheong also functions not only as decoration, but also for practical purposes such as to protect building surfaces against temperature and to make the crudeness of materials less conspicuous.^[3][7][8] It also protects the wood against insects,^[4] prolonging its lifetime.^[8] Applying dancheong on the surfaces of buildings require trained skills, and artisans called dancheongjang (단청장 丹青匠) designed the painted patterns.^[10][12][13] The Dancheonjang are considered living national treasures in South Korea and are classified as being part of the National Intangible Cultural Heritage by the Cultural Heritage Administration in South Korea.^[1]