| Demetrius I Poliorcetes | |
|---|---|
 Marble bust of Demetrius I Poliorcetes. Roman copy from 1st century AD of a Greek original from 3rd century BC. | |
| King of Macedonia | |
| Reign | 294–288 BC |
| Predecessor | Antipater I of Macedon |
| Successor | Lysimachus and Pyrrhus of Epirus |
| Hegemon of the Hellenic League | |
| Reign | 304 BC |
| Predecessor | Alexander the Great |
| Successor | Antigonus III Doson |
| Born | 337 BC |
| Died | 283 BC (aged 53–54) |
| Spouse |
|
| Issue | |
| House | Antigonid dynasty |
| Father | Antigonus I Monophthalmus |
| Mother | Stratonice |
| Military career | |
| Battles / wars | |
Demetrius I Poliorcetes (/dɪˈmiːtriəs pɒliɔːrˈsiːtiːz/; Greek: Δημήτριος Πολιορκητής, Dēmḗtrios Poliorkētḗs, lit. 'the Besieger of Cities'; 337 – 283 BC) was a Macedonian Greek nobleman and military leader who became king of Asia between 306 and 301 BC, and king of Macedon between 294 and 288 BC. A member of the Antigonid dynasty, he was the son of its founder, Antigonus I Monophthalmus, and his wife Stratonice, as well as the first member of the family to rule Macedon in Hellenistic Greece.
In 307 BC, Demetrius successfully ousted Cassander's governor of Athens and after defeating Ptolemy I at the Battle of Salamis (306 BC) he gave his father the title of basileus ("king") over a land spanning from the Aegean Sea to the Middle East. He acquired the title Poliorcetes ("the besieger") after the unsuccessful siege of Rhodes in 305. While Antigonus I and Demetrius planned a revival of the Hellenic League with themselves as dual hegemons, a coalition of the diadochi; Cassander, Seleucus I, Ptolemy I, and Lysimachus defeated the two at the Battle of Ipsus in 301 BC, in which Antigonus I was killed and the Asian territory of his empire was lost. In 294, Demetrius managed to successfully seize control of Athens and establish himself as king of Macedon. He ruled until 288 when he was eventually driven out by Pyrrhus and Lysimachus and later surrendered to Seleucus I in Cilicia, dying there in 283.[1] After a long period of instability, Demetrius's son, Antigonus II Gonatas, managed to solidify the dynasty in the kingdom and establish its hegemony over much of Hellenistic Greece.[2]
Demetrius was particularly involved in innovations in poliorcetics, and although not all of his sieges were successful—such as the siege of Rhodes—he left his mark on the history of global siege warfare.[3] This was notably through the extensive use of siege engines, the establishment of effective logistical procedures to support sieges on a much larger scale than previously, the widespread use of amphibious warfare and finally the very quick pace of execution of his sieges.[3] Demetrius also used his skills as a military architect to fortify cities with defensive architectural innovations, such as, notably, Athens, Sicyon or Corinth.[3] He can be considered one of the main Epigoni, the heirs of the Diadochi.
- ^ "Demetrius I Poliorcetes | Macedonian Conqueror, Military Strategist | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Archived from the original on 2022-11-09. Retrieved 2023-12-11.
- ^ Adams, Winthrop Lindsay (2010). "Alexander's Successors to 221 BC". In Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (eds.). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. Oxford, Chichester, & Malden: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 217–219. ISBN 978-1-4051-7936-2.
- ^ a b c Rose, Thomas C. (2019-11-13), "Demetrius the Besieger (and Fortifier) of Cities", Brill's Companion to Sieges in the Ancient Mediterranean, Brill, pp. 169–190, ISBN 978-90-04-41374-0, retrieved 2024-06-03