| Demographics of Malawi | |
|---|---|
 Population pyramid of Malawi in 2020 | |
| Population | 20,794,353 (2022 est.) |
| Growth rate | 2.34% (2022 est.) |
| Birth rate | 27.94 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
| Death rate | 4.58 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 72.44 years |
| • male | 69.33 years |
| • female | 75.59 years |
| Fertility rate | 3.4 children born/woman (2022 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate | 33.43 deaths/1,000 live births |
| Net migration rate | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
| Age structure | |
| 0–14 years | 45.87% |
| 65 and over | 2.68% |
| Nationality | |
| Nationality | Malawian |
| Language | |
| Official | English |
Demographic features of the population of Malawi include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
Malawi derives its name from the Maravi, a Bantu people who came from the southern Congo about 600 years ago. On reaching the area north of Lake Malawi, the Maravi divided. One branch, the ancestors of the present-day Chewas, moved south to the west bank of the lake. The other, the ancestors of the Nyanjas, moved down the east bank to the southern part of the country.
By AD 1500, the two divisions of the tribe had established a kingdom stretching from north of the present-day city of Nkhotakota to the Zambezi River in the south, and from Lake Malawi in the east, to the Luangwa River in Zambia in the west. Migrations and tribal conflicts precluded the formation of a cohesive Malawian society until the turn of the 20th century. In more recent years, ethnic and tribal distinctions have diminished. Regional distinctions and rivalries, however, persist. Despite some clear differences, no significant friction currently exists between tribal groups,[citation needed] and the concept of a Malawian nationality has begun to take hold. Predominantly a rural people, Malawians are generally conservative and traditionally nonviolent.[citation needed]
The Chewas constitute 90% of the population of the central region; the Nyanja tribe predominates in the south and the Tumbuka in the north. In addition, significant numbers of the Tongas live in the north; Ngonis—an offshoot of the Zulus who came from South Africa in the early 19th century—live in the lower northern and lower central regions; and the Yao, who are mostly Muslim, predominate in the Southern Region of the country and live in a wide band from Blantyre and Zomba north to Lake Malawi and east to the border with Mozambique. Bantus of other tribes came from Mozambique as refugees.