| Demographics of Tanzania | |
|---|---|
 Population pyramid of Tanzania in 2020 | |
| Population | 63,852,892 |
| Growth rate | 2.78% (2022 est.) |
| Birth rate | 33.3 births/1,000 population |
| Death rate | 5.09 deaths/1,000 population |
| Life expectancy | 70.19 years |
| • male | 68.42 years |
| • female | 72.02 years |
| Fertility rate | 4.39 children |
| Infant mortality rate | 30.87 deaths/1,000 live births |
| Net migration rate | -0.41 migrant(s)/1,000 population |
| Sex ratio | |
| Total | 1 male(s)/female (2022 est.) |
| At birth | 1.03 male(s)/female |
| Nationality | |
| Nationality | Tanzanian |
| Language | |
| Official | Kiswahili or Swahili, English |
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Demographic features of the population of Tanzania include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population.
The population distribution in Tanzania is extremely uneven. Most people live on the northern border or the eastern coast, with much of the remainder of the country being sparsely populated.[1]: 1252 Density varies from 12 per square kilometre (31/sq mi) in the Katavi Region to 3,133 per square kilometre (8,110/sq mi) in Dar es Salaam.[2]: 6 Approximately 70 percent of the population is rural, although this percentage has been declining since at least 1967.[3] Dar es Salaam is the de facto capital and largest city. Dodoma, located in the centre of Tanzania, is the de jure capital, although action to move government buildings to Dodoma has stalled.
The population consists of about 125 ethnic groups.[4] The Sukuma, Nyamwezi, Chagga, and Haya peoples have more than 1 million members each.[5]: 4
Over 100 languages are spoken in Tanzania, making it the most linguistically diverse country in East Africa.[6] Among the languages spoken in Tanzania are all four of Africa's language families: Bantu, Cushitic, Nilotic, and Khoisan.[6] Swahili and English are Tanzania's official languages.[6] Swahili belongs to the Bantu branch of the Niger-Congo family.[7] The Sandawe people speak a language that may be related to the Khoe languages of Botswana and Namibia, while the language of the Hadzabe people, although it has similar click consonants, is arguably a language isolate.[8] The language of the Iraqw people is Cushitic.[9] Other languages are Indian languages and Portuguese (spoken by Goans and Mozambicans).
Non-Africans residing on the mainland and Zanzibar account for 1 percent of the total population. The Asian community including Hindus, Sikhs, Shi'a and Sunni Muslims, Parsis, and Goans, exceed 60,000. An estimated 70,000 Arabs and 20,000 Europeans (90 percent of which are from the British diaspora) reside in Tanzania. Over 100,000 people living in Tanzania are of Asian or European ancestry.[10]
Based on 1999–2003 data, over 74,000 Tanzanian-born people were living in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries, with 32,630 residing in the United Kingdom; 19,960 in Canada; 12,225 in the United States; 1,714 in Australia; 1,180 in the Netherlands; and 1,012 in Sweden.[11]
- ^ "Economy", authored by Joseph Lake, in Africa South of the Sahara, edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge, 2013
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
2012 censuswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ ""Report reveals rapid rural-urban migration", The Citizen, reported by Athuman Mtulya, 26 September 2013". Archived from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
- ^ Levinson, David (26 August 1998). Ethnic Groups Worldwide: A Ready Reference Handbook. Oryx Press. ISBN 9781573560191 – via Google Books.
- ^ Otiso, Kefa M. (24 January 2013). Culture and Customs of Tanzania. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9780313087080 – via Google Books.
- ^ a b c "East Africa", authored by Silvester Ron Simango, in Sociolinguistics: Regional overview, edited by Ulrich Ammon, published by Walter de Gruyter, 2006, pages 1966-7. Walter de Gruyter. 2005. ISBN 9783110184181.
- ^ "Swahili - A language of Tanzania". Ethnologue. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
- ^ Blench, Roger (22 June 2006). Archaeology, Language, and the African Past. Rowman Altamira. ISBN 9780759114210 – via Google Books.
- ^ ""Iraqw", Ethnologue: Languages of the World, edited by M. Paul Lewis, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig, SIL International, Seventeenth edition, Dallas, Texas, USA, accessed 14 October 2014".
- ^ "Tanzania History and Information - Safari Info for Tanzania". www.eyesonafrica.net. Retrieved 2020-05-28.
- ^ "Country-of-birth database". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Archived from the original on 17 June 2009. Retrieved 10 July 2013.