Measure used in calculating seawater density gradient
The density ratio of a column of seawater is a measure of the relative contributions of temperature and salinity in determining the density gradient.[1] At a density ratio of 1, temperature and salinity are said to be compensated: their density signatures cancel, leaving a density gradient of zero. The formula for the density ratio, , is:
β = ρ−1∂ρ/∂S is the haline contraction coefficient
When a water column is "doubly stable"—both temperature and salinity contribute to the stable density gradient—the density ratio is negative (a doubly unstable water column would also have a negative density ratio but does not commonly occur). When either the temperature- or salinity-induced stratification is statically unstable, while the overall density stratification is statically stable, double-diffusive instability exists in the water column.[2][3] Double-diffusive instability can be separated into two different regimes of statically stable density stratification: a salt fingering regime (warm salty overlying cool fresh) when the density ratio is greater than 1,[4] and a diffusive convection regime (cool fresh overlying warm salty) when the density ratio is between 0 and 1.[5]
Density ratio may also be used to describe thermohaline variability over a non-vertical spatial interval, such as across a front in the mixed layer.[6]
^You, Yuzhu. "A global ocean climatological atlas of the Turner angle: implications for double-diffusion and water-mass structure." Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 49.11 (2002): 2075-2093.
^Rudnick, Daniel L., and Raffaele Ferrari. "Compensation of horizontal temperature and salinity gradients in the ocean mixed layer." Science 283.5401 (1999): 526-529.