The departments of the Second Mexican Empire were the administrative divisions that the nation was organized into during the short rule of Emperor Maximilian I. He commissioned Mexican scholar Manuel Orozco y Berra to draw boundaries based on geography of Mexico. Each of the 50 departments was to be governed by a prefect. There were many new departments in the plan, carved out of existing Mexican states: Acapulco, Álamos, Arizona, Autlán, Batopilas, Coalcomán, Ejutla, Fresnillo, Huejuquilla, Iturbide, La Laguna, Mapimí, Matamoros, Matehuala, Mazatlán, Nazas, El Potosí, Tancítaro, Tehuantepec, Teposcolula, Toluca, Tula, Tulancingo, Tuxpan, and Valle de México (Mexico City). This plan was never implemented in full before the fall of Maximilian's regime and the return of republican rule under President Benito Juárez.