Dexmedetomidine

Dexmedetomidine
Clinical data
Trade namesPrecedex, Dexdor, Igalmi, others
Other namesMPV-1440;
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: B1
Routes of
administration		Intravenous, injection, sublingual, buccal[1]
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding94% (mostly albumin)[4]
MetabolismNear complete hepatic metabolism to inactive metabolites
Elimination half-life2–4 hours[7]
ExcretionUrine
Identifiers
  • (S)-4-[1-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-3H-imidazole
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.119.391 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC13H16N2
Molar mass200.285 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • Cc2cccc([C@H](C)c1c[nH]cn1)c2C
  • InChI=1S/C13H16N2/c1-9-5-4-6-12(10(9)2)11(3)13-7-14-8-15-13/h4-8,11H,1-3H3,(H,14,15)/t11-/m0/s1 checkY
  • Key:CUHVIMMYOGQXCV-NSHDSACASA-N checkY
  (verify)

Dexmedetomidine, sold under the trade name Precedex among others, is a drug used in humans for sedation.[4] Veterinarians use dexmedetomidine for similar purposes in treating cats, dogs, and horses.[8][9] It is also used in humans to treat acute agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.[5] It is administered as an injection or intravenous solution or as a buccal or sublingual film.[1]

Similar to clonidine, dexmedetomidine is a sympatholytic drug that acts as an agonist of α2-adrenergic receptors in certain parts of the brain.[10] It was developed by Orion Pharma.

  1. ^ a b Faden J, Musselman M, Citrome L (February 2023). "Sublingual dexmedetomidine: repurposing an anesthetic as an anti-agitation agent". Expert Rev Neurother. 23 (2): 97–106. doi:10.1080/14737175.2023.2174430. PMID 36707066.
  2. ^ "DEXMEDETOMIDINE FRESENIUS (Fresenius Kabi Australia Pty Ltd)". Department of Health and Aged Care. Archived from the original on 2023-03-18.
  3. ^ Anvisa (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-04-04). Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
  4. ^ a b c "Precedex- dexmedetomidine hydrochloride injection, solution". DailyMed. 2 March 2022. Archived from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  5. ^ a b "Igalmi- dexmedetomidine film". DailyMed. 14 December 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
  6. ^ "Sileo EPAR". European Medicines Agency. 7 July 2015. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference Weerink_2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Marly-Voquer C, Schwarzwald CC, Bettschart-Wolfensberger R (January 2016). "The use of dexmedetomidine continuous rate infusion for horses undergoing transvenous electrical cardioversion--A case series". The Canadian Veterinary Journal. 57 (1): 70–75. PMC 4677613. PMID 26740702.
  9. ^ "Dexdomitor". Archived from the original on 2013-09-27. Retrieved 2013-08-02.
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference Cormack2005 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).