Diazoxide

Diazoxide
Clinical data
Trade namesProglycem
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: C
Routes of
administration		By mouth, intravenous
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding90%
MetabolismLiver oxidation and sulfate conjugation
Elimination half-life21-45 hours
ExcretionKidney
Identifiers
  • 7-Chloro-3-methyl-4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.006.063 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC8H7ClN2O2S
Molar mass230.67 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Melting point330 to 331 °C (626 to 628 °F)
  • Clc1ccc2c(c1)S(=O)(=O)/N=C(\N2)C
  • InChI=1S/C8H7ClN2O2S/c1-5-10-7-3-2-6(9)4-8(7)14(12,13)11-5/h2-4H,1H3,(H,10,11) checkY
  • Key:GDLBFKVLRPITMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Diazoxide, sold under the brand name Proglycem and others, is a medication used to treat low blood sugar due to a number of specific causes.[2] This includes islet cell tumors that cannot be removed and leucine sensitivity.[2] It can also be used in refractory cases of sulfonylurea toxicity.[3] It is generally taken by mouth.[2]

Common side effects include high blood sugar, fluid retention, low blood platelets, a fast heart rate, increased hair growth, and nausea.[2] Other severe side effects include pulmonary hypertension and heart failure.[2] It is chemically similar to thiazide diuretics.[2] It works by decreasing insulin release from the pancreas and increasing glucose release by the liver.[2]

Diazoxide was approved for medical use in the United States in 1973.[2] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[4][5] It is available as a generic medication.[6]

  1. ^ "Product monograph brand safety updates". Health Canada. 7 July 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h "Diazoxide Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  3. ^ Doyle ME, Egan JM (March 2003). "Pharmacological agents that directly modulate insulin secretion". Pharmacological Reviews. 55 (1): 105–131. doi:10.1124/pr.55.1.7. PMID 12615955. S2CID 11121340.
  4. ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  5. ^ World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
  6. ^ British national formulary : BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. p. 708. ISBN 9780857113382.