| Dinokaryota | |
|---|---|
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| "Peridinea" from Ernst Haeckel's Kunstformen der Natur, 1904 | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | |
| (unranked): | |
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| Phylum: | |
| Superclass: | Dinokaryota Cavalier-Smith, 1993[1]
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Dinokaryota is a main grouping of dinoflagellates. They include all species where the nucleus remains a dinokaryon throughout the entire cell cycle, which is typically dominated by the haploid stage. All the "typical" dinoflagellates, such as Peridinium and Gymnodinium, belong here. Others are more unusual, including some that are colonial, amoeboid, or parasitic. Symbiodinium contains the symbiotic zooxanthellae.
The non-photosynthetic members are believed to derive from photosynthetic ancestors.[2]
- ^ Cavalier-Smith, T. (1993). "Kingdom protozoa and its 18 phyla". Microbiological Reviews. 57 (4): 953–994. doi:10.1128/mmbr.57.4.953-994.1993. PMC 372943. PMID 8302218.
- ^ JF Saldarriaga; et al. (2001). "Dinoflagellate Nuclear SSU rRNA Phylogeny Suggests Multiple Plastid Losses and Replacements". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 53 (3): 204–213. Bibcode:2001JMolE..53..204S. doi:10.1007/s002390010210. PMID 11523007.