Distortion (music)

"Fuzzbox" redirects here. For other uses, see Fuzzbox (disambiguation).
This article is about distortion in music. For distortion in general, see Distortion.
The DS-1 was the first ever distortion guitar effect pedal manufactured by Boss
An auditory example of the distortion effect with the clean signal shown first.

Distortion and overdrive are forms of audio signal processing used to alter the sound of amplified electric musical instruments, usually by increasing their gain, producing a "fuzzy", "growling", or "gritty" tone. Distortion is most commonly used with the electric guitar, but may also be used with other electric instruments such as electric bass, electric piano, synthesizer and Hammond organ. Guitarists playing electric blues originally obtained an overdriven sound by turning up their vacuum tube-powered guitar amplifiers to high volumes, which caused the signal to distort. While overdriven tube amps are still used to obtain overdrive, especially in genres like blues and rockabilly, a number of other ways to produce distortion have been developed since the 1960s, such as distortion effect pedals. The growling tone of a distorted electric guitar is a key part of many genres, including blues and many rock music genres, notably hard rock, punk rock, hardcore punk, acid rock, grunge and heavy metal music, while the use of distorted bass has been essential in a genre of hip hop music and alternative hip hop known as "SoundCloud rap".[1]

The effects alter the instrument sound by clipping the signal (pushing it past its maximum, which shears off the peaks and troughs of the signal waves), adding sustain and harmonic and inharmonic overtones and leading to a compressed sound that is often described as "warm" and "dirty", depending on the type and intensity of distortion used. The terms distortion and overdrive are often used interchangeably; where a distinction is made, distortion is a more extreme version of the effect than overdrive.[2] Fuzz is a particular form of extreme distortion originally created by guitarists using faulty equipment (such as a misaligned valve (tube); see below), which has been emulated since the 1960s by a number of "fuzzbox" effects pedals.

Distortion, overdrive, and fuzz can be produced by effects pedals, rackmounts, pre-amplifiers, power amplifiers (a potentially speaker-blowing approach), speakers and (since the 2000s) by digital amplifier modeling devices and audio software.[3][4] These effects are used with electric guitars, electric basses (fuzz bass), electronic keyboards, and more rarely as a special effect with vocals. While distortion is often created intentionally as a musical effect, musicians and sound engineers sometimes take steps to avoid distortion, particularly when using PA systems to amplify vocals or when playing back prerecorded music.

  1. ^ Turner, David (1 June 2017). "Look at Me!: The Noisy, Blown-Out SoundCloud Revolution Redefining rap". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 13 July 2018.
  2. ^ "Boost, Overdrive, Distortion & Fuzz Pedals - What's the Difference?". inSync. 2018-01-10. Retrieved 2022-02-01.
  3. ^ Ross, Michael (1998). Getting Great Guitar Sounds. Hal Leonard. p. 39. ISBN 9780793591404.
  4. ^ Aikin, Jim (2004). Power Tools for Synthesizer Programming: The Ultimate Reference for Sound Design. Hal Leonard. p. 171. ISBN 978-1-61774-508-9.